Theobald Fischer

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Theobald Fischer

Theobald Fischer (born January 31, 1846 in Kirchsteitz near Zeitz , † September 17, 1910 in Marburg ) was a German geographer who dealt with the countries of the Mediterranean .

biography

Fischer, the son of a landowner (and mayor in Kirchsteitz), first studied history and philosophy in Heidelberg, Halle and Bonn, where he received his doctorate in history in 1868 (Quales se praebuerint principes stirpis Wettinicae Rudolpho et Adolpho regibus). During his studies he became a member of the fraternity Allemannia Heidelberg and the fraternity Alemannia auf dem Pflug Halle . He then turned to geography, traveled extensively in North Africa and around the Mediterranean from 1868 and completed his habilitation in Bonn in 1876 (contributions to the physical geography of the Mediterranean countries, especially Sicily). In 1879 he became a full professor of geography in Kiel and in 1883 in Marburg. Further research trips followed in the Mediterranean region (1886 Tunisia, Sahara, 1888 in Morocco, Algeria, 1899, 1901). In 1887 he had a decisive influence on the establishment of the Association of Old Fraternities . In 1894/95 he was rector of the University of Marburg. He became an honorary member of the Arminia Marburg fraternity .

He is considered to be one of the founders of modern geography in Germany and the conception of the Mediterranean area as a geographical unit. As a geographer he was essentially self-taught, but his writings show influences from Carl Ritter , Oscar Peschel , Ferdinand von Richthofen and Friedrich Ratzel .

He was also nicknamed the Morocco Fisherman and was influential in German colonial politics. He advocated the German colonization of Morocco and founded the Morocco Society in 1902. Since the 1880s, he has given numerous lectures on the plans of German colonies in North Africa, increasingly at the turn of the century. This was followed by the Pan-German Association and the efforts led from 1904 to 1906 to conflicts with France and England ( First Morocco Crisis ). He was a founding member of the German Colonial Association and chairman of its Marburg branch.

He also published on the history of cartography from the Middle Ages.

He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei since 1907 . He was also awarded the Carl-Ritter-Medal in silver (1903) and the Eduard-Rüppell-Medal .

Fonts (selection)

  • Studies on the climate of the Mediterranean countries, Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, supplementary booklet 58, 1879
  • The date palm. Their geographical distribution and cultural-historical significance, supplement to Petermanns Mitteilungen, 64, Gotha 1881
  • Contributions to the history of geography and cartography in Italy in the Middle Ages, 1886
  • Collection of medieval world and sea maps of Italian origin and from Italian libraries and archives, Venice 1886, reprint Amsterdam: Meridian Publ. 1961
  • Regional studies of the southern European peninsulas, in: Alfred Kirchhoff (Ed.), Our knowledge of the earth. General geography and area studies. 3: Regional geography of Europe, 2nd part, 2nd half, Leipzig: G. Freytag, 1893 (therein: The Southeast European Peninsula, The Iberian Peninsula, Greece, The Peninsular Italy), Archives
  • Scientific results of a trip in the foreland of the Atlas in Morocco, supplement to Petermanns Mitteilungen, 133, Gotha 1901
  • La Peninsola Italiana, Turin 1902
  • The olive tree. Its geographical distribution, its economic and cultural-historical significance, supplement to Petermanns Mitteilungen, 147, Gotha 1904
  • Mediterranean images. Collected treatises on the customer of the Mediterranean countries, 2 volumes, Leipzig: Teubner 1906, New Series 1908, Archive, 1906 , Archive 1908
  • The sea ports in Morocco, in: Meereskunde, 2,1, Berlin 1908

literature

  • Günter Glauert:  Fischer, Theobald. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , pp. 205 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Karl Oestreich: Theobald Fischer. An appreciation of his work as a researcher and teacher, in: Geographische Zeitschrift, Volume 18, 1912, pp. 241-254.
  • Hermann Wagner: Theobald Fischer, Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, Volume 56, 1910, pp. 188–189
  • FJ Schulte-Althoff: Studies on the political history of science in geography, Bochumer Geographische Arbeit 9, Paderborn: Schöningh 1971, pp. 173-184

Web links

Wikisource: Fischer, Theobald  - Sources and full texts (English)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst Wilhelm Wreden : Men from our ranks: Theobald Fischer, the founder of the VaB In: Burschenschaftliche Blätter . Volume 72, issue 7, July 1957, p. 154.
  2. ↑ Ernst Wilhelm Wreden : Men from our ranks: Theobald Fischer, the founder of the VaB In: Burschenschaftliche Blätter . Volume 72, Issue 7, July 1957, p. 155.
  3. ↑ Ernst Wilhelm Wreden : Men from our ranks: Theobald Fischer, the founder of the VaB In: Burschenschaftliche Blätter . Volume 72, Issue 7, July 1957, p. 155.
  4. ^ Günter Glauert:  Fischer, Theobald. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , pp. 205 f. ( Digitized version ).
  5. ^ Theobald Fischer , University of Gießen, Hessen-Postkolonial
personal data
SURNAME Fischer, Theobald
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geographer
DATE OF BIRTH January 31, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Kirchsteitz near Zeitz
DATE OF DEATH September 17, 1910
Place of death Marburg