Thumb from Neuburg

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Coat of arms of the Thumb von Neuburg

The Thumb von Neuburg (also Thumb von Neuenburg ) are a noble family that belonged to the imperial knighthood during the time of the Holy Roman Empire . It had been in Vorarlberg and Graubünden since the 13th century and in the Swabian region since 1430 .

history

The Thumbs presumably come from the Ravensburg area and appear for the first time in 1188 with Hainricus Tumbo in a document. In it he attests to a donation from Duke Friedrich von Schwaben to the Steingaden Monastery . All descendants of this Heinrich in the male line carried the surname Thumb, which is sometimes reproduced in Latin documents as stultus (dt. Dumm = tumb). The safe line of trunks begins with Albertus Tumbin, who died before 1240 .

View from the ruins of Neuburg in Vorarlberg (in the foreground)

Around 1230 the Thumbs were enfeoffed with the Neuburg near Koblach in Vorarlberg , after which the brothers Friedrich and Heinrich Thumb von Neuburg first named themselves from 1240 onwards. They were already wealthy at that time, because the younger brother Heinrich called himself 1244 miles de Biunthe (after today's municipality of Baindt near Ravensburg) and 1246 miles de Stadeln (after Stadel near Niederglatt ).

The Thumb acquired further property in Graubünden and established a. a. the Rappenstein Castle . Around 1300 the Neuburg near Chur became their headquarters. Before 1302, knight Friedrich II Thumb von Neuburg (-1313 † 1321) married Countess Sophia von Montfort, a Carolingian, with whom he had a daughter (* 1302) and sons Johann and Seifrid / Syfrid. After Friedrich's death, his widow married the nephew Schweickhart III (Schwigger) Thumb von Neuburg, from whom she had five more children. including Hugo, Hiltrude (married to Albrecht von Schauenstain zu Tagstain), Schweikhart / Schwigger IV. Disputes with the Counts of Montfort led to the castle and lordship of Neuburg near Koblach being sold by Hugo and his brother Schwigger IV to the Habsburgs in 1363 .

Köngen Castle , Swabia (seat of the imperial knightly family from 1430 to 1739)

In 1382, through the marriage of Hans Thumb von Neuburg with Anna Countess von Aichelberg, the knightly family acquired the village of Köngen in Swabia, where they then moved their residence around 1430. They built the castle that still exists today. The burial place of Thumb von Neuburg was the Köngener Peter and Paul Church.

Close ties with Duke Ulrich von Württemberg meant that Konrad Thumb von Neuburg became Hereditary Marshal of the Duke of Württemberg in 1507, an office that the family held until 1918. In addition to Köngen, the family owned the Stetten lordship with the villages of Stetten im Remstal , Lobenrot, Schanbach and Aichelberg (1507 / 1508–1645) and the Stettenfels lordship with the castle and the associated towns of Ober- and Untergruppenbach, Donnbronn and a farm in Wüstenhausen (1507–1527), the imperial fiefs Mühlhausen an der Enz (1508–1648) and Sielmingen with the village of Untersielmingen and part of Harthausen (1521–1532), and the Hammetweil estate ( Neckartenzlingen ) as a fiefdom of the County of Hohenberg (1542–1627). On Lake Constance they temporarily owned the reign of Neuburg and the town of Mammern , both as fiefs of the St. Gallen monastery (1540–1621).

The financial decline of the imperial knight dynasty in the 17th century led to Friedrich Albrecht Thumb von Neuburg selling half of the kings and part of the family palace there to Württemberg in 1666. Since this division repeatedly caused disputes, Wilhelm Ludwig Thumb von Neuburg sold the remaining property in Köngen to Württemberg in 1739. To compensate, he received 45,000 guilders in addition to the neighboring estate of Unterboihingen , where the castle is still owned by the family today.

In the Kingdom of Württemberg , the family was enrolled in the baron class of the knightly nobility.

coat of arms

The family coat of arms is divided three times in gold and black. On the helmet there are two golden swan necks with black (also red) beaks, turned to the right. The helmet covers are black and gold. On the occasion of Konrad Thumb von Neuburg's confirmation as Hereditary Marshal, the coat of arms was extended to include crossed golden swords and a tournament helmet with a golden crown and a lion rising from it with a raised tail and an outstretched tongue.

Known family members

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Mon. boica VI 499
  2. Württemb. Document Book III 457
  3. Buccelin, Rhaetia Stemmatographica p. 407
  4. ^ Alois Niederstätter: Austrian History 1278-1411. The rule of Austria. Prince and country in the late Middle Ages. Ueberreuter Verlag, Vienna 2001, p. 158
  5. Bündner Urkundenbuch BD IV nr 2101 from May 17 1317