Tikhon of Sadonsk

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Tikhon of Zadonsk ( Russian Тихон Задонский / Tikhon Sadonski; real name Тимофей Савельевич Соколов Timofei Saweljewitsch Sokolow ; * 1724 in Korozko; † August 13 . Jul / 24. August  1783 greg. In Zadonsk ) was from 1763 to 1767 Bishop of Voronezh . He is a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church (Remembrance Day August 13th July / August 26th Greg. ).

Life

Timofei was 1724 in Korozko (county Valdai born). As a family name "Sokolow" was given in the oldest source. His father, Saweli Kirillow, was a church singer, his mother's name was Domnika. Timofei had three brothers and two sisters. The father died early; hence the family lived in great poverty. Timofei's talent was encouraged. He was able to attend the spiritual seminary in Veliky Novgorod , founded in 1740 . In July 1754 he finished his studies and became a lecturer in rhetoric at the seminary. On April 10, 1758 he became a monk and was given the name Tikhon. His namesake was St. Tychon of Amathus (Cyprus), who according to tradition lived around 340 to 403. On August 27, 1758, Tichon became a lecturer in philosophy and on January 13, 1759, prefect of the seminary. On August 26, 1759 he became rector of the spiritual seminary in Tver and lecturer in theology. On May 13, 1761, he was ordained bishop of Kexholm and Ladoga in Saint Petersburg . He was Vicar Bishop of Novgorod. On February 3, 1763 he became bishop of Voronezh and Jelez . For health reasons, Tichon asked for retirement in mid-1767. In 1768 he lived in the Tolschew Monastery of the Savior Transfiguration. In March 1769 he moved to the Teschewsk Monastery of the Godhead, which was founded in 1779 in Sadonsk , d. H. Place across the Don River , was renamed. Tikhon became known for his work for prisoners, poor families and the homeless.

Tikhon icon

Tikhon succeeded in conveying his concerns (the fight against sin , penance and asceticism ) to the common people as well as the educated. In his sermons he castigated social injustice. He was also an excellent writer and wrote a number of works that are based on suggestions from the work of Johann Arndt . The Russian writer Fyodor Michailowitsch Dostojewski designed the character of Starzen Sosima in his novel The Brothers Karamazov based on statements and work of Tikhon. He died in Sadonsk in 1783. His bones found their final resting place in the Vladimir Cathedral of the Sadonsk Monastery, which after its canonization in 1861 developed into an important place of pilgrimage .

See also

Works

  • W. Worobew (Ed.): Isbrannye trudy. Pisma . Materialy. Russkaja bogoslowskaja biblioteka, Moscow 2004, ISBN 5-7429-0049-X .
  • Svjatitel Tikhon Sadonsky. Svyatootecheskoe nasledie . 5 volumes. Moscow 2003.
  • Sochinenija preosvjashchennago Tichona, episkopa Voronezhskago i Jeletskago . 15 volumes. St. Petersburg 1825–1826.
  • Tworenija ishe where svyatych otza naschego Tikhona Sadonskago . 5 volumes. 5th edition. Moscow 1889.

literature

  • Ioann (Maslow): Simfonija po tworenijam svyatitelja Tichona Sadonskogo . Moscow 2003, ISBN 5-98106-004-2 .
  • Ioann (Maslow): Swjatitel Tichon Sadonskij i ego utschenie o spasenii . 2nd Edition. Stati rasnych let, Moscow 1995, ISBN 5-900937-03-8 .
  • Nadejda Gorodetzky: Tikhon of Sadonsk. Dostoyevsky's stimulus . Trans. V. G. and K. Bambauer. Wesel 1987.
  • Wolfgang Heller:  Tichon von Sadonsk. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 17, Bautz, Herzberg 2000, ISBN 3-88309-080-8 , Sp. 1375-1376.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Heinrich Michael Knechten: Evangelical Spirituality at Tichon von Zadonsk (Studies on Russian Spirituality, 2). Waltrop 2006, ISBN 3-89991-052-4 .
  • Ivan Kologrivov: The other Russia . Munich 1958, pp. 288–326 (The holy Tichon von Sadonsk).
  • Stefan Reichelt: Johann Arndt's "Four Books of True Christianity" in Russia. Heralds of a modern intercultural dialogue . Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-374-02863-4 , pp. 454-464 (St. Tichon von Zadonsk).
  • Igor Smolitsch : Russian monasticism . Würzburg 1953, pp. 516-520 (St. Tichon von Sadonsk).

Web links

Commons : Tikhon von Sadonsk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Vitschebotarew, Sapiski (records), in: Tworenija Tichona Sadonskago, Vol. 5, Moscow 5 1889, Appendix 2, page 47, note. More recent works, e.g. B. Ioann (Maslow), indicate "Sokolowski". The following data is also taken from the note on page 47 of the mentioned work.
  2. ↑ PW Znamenskiy: Duchownye schkoly w Rossii do reformy 1808 goda . Kazan 1881, p. 168.
  3. ↑ See WITschebotarew, Sapiski, in: Tworenija Tichona Sadonskago, Vol. 5, Moscow 5 1889, Appendix 2, page 53, note.
  4. ↑ Cf. Tichon von Sadonsk, Sermon 9 and 10, in: Tworenija Tichona Sadonskago, Vol. 1, Moscow 5 1889, especially pages 68 and 73.
  5. ↑ See HMKnechten, Evangelical Spirituality at Tichon von Zadonsk, Waltrop 2006, 10.
  6. ↑ Cf. Fyodor Michailowitsch Dostojewski, Bratja Karamasowy, Sobranie sotschinenij, Vol. 9, Moscow 1958, 354-406 (Russkij inok).
  7. ↑ See E. Golubinskij, Istorija kanonisazija swjatych w Russkoj Zerkwi, Moscow 2 1903, 179–182.
personal data
SURNAME Tikhon of Sadonsk
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Тихон Задонский (Russian); Sokolowski, Timofei Saweljewitsch (secular name); Соколовский, Тимофей Савельевич (secular name, Cyrillic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church
DATE OF BIRTH 1724
PLACE OF BIRTH Korotsk near Novgorod
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1783
Place of death Sadonsk