Tie break

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The tie-break , also tiebreak (English tie, tie and English to break, literally about a tie breaker ) is a counting or scoring method in sport, with which decisions are abbreviated. It is particularly known from tennis . There it serves as a game with a special way of counting in order to bring about a decision in a previously undecided set when the score is 6: 6. The winner of the tie-break wins the set with 7: 6. There is also a tie-break in volleyball , gymnastics , squash , chess , padel , bowls and darts . The rules are different from those in tennis.

tennis

Counting method

Unlike in a conventional tennis game, a rally counts as exactly one point. The winner is the player who first achieved at least seven points and at the same time two points ahead.

  • Right to serve: The right to serve changes after the first point and then after every second point, so that a change of service takes place at every score with an uneven point total. The receiver from the previous game is the first to serve in the tie-breaker. The first service is performed from the right, as at the beginning of a normal service game. After that, after each change of service, first serve from the left and then from the right. In the following sentence, the right to serve is the one who was the receiver in the tie-break at the first rally. The point of changing with an odd total is that such a player can only win the tie-break if he has reached more breaks than the opponent. If you were to switch with an even point total, the player who served first in the tie-break would have an advantage. Because then he could win the tie-break even with the same number of breakballs, which is not possible with a change with an odd number of points.
  • Change of sides: The side of the field is changed every six points. However, no player is allowed to take a break, as is usually the case when changing sides.
  • Notation of the results: In the notation of a game result, the final score of a tie-break is usually given in brackets, e.g. B. 6: 4, 7: 6 (10: 8). In the abbreviated form, the tie-break score of the set winner is omitted, as it is either 7 or, if it is greater than 7, can be calculated from the loser's score by adding 2 (e.g. 7: 6 means ( 3) a tie-break result of 7: 3, 7: 6 (8) a tie-break result of 10: 8).

Another variant allowed by the ITF is the match tie-break . Here, not seven, but ten points are required to win. All other regulations mentioned above for the tie-break also apply to the match tie-break, which is played in particular in double tournaments of the ATP , WTA , ITF , TE and all national associations affiliated to the ITF.

history

The tie-breaker was invented in 1963 by the American Jimmy van Alen , and in 1970 it was included in the tennis rules. Initially, no tie-break was played in the last and decisive set, in order not to let just a few rallies decide between victory and defeat. Today - with the exception of the French Open and Wimbledon - a tie-break is played in every set when the score is 6: 6. In the four Grand Slam tournaments there is the following rule in the decisive sentence:

  • US Open: Classic tie-break at a score of 6: 6 to at least 7 points (since 1975 in its current form; between 1970 and 1974 the player who won the tie-break first who had 5 points, even without two points -Head Start)
  • Australian Open: Match tie-break when the score is 6: 6 to at least 10 points (since 2019)
  • Wimbledon: tie-break at 12:12 to at least 7 points (since 2019)
  • French Open: no tie-break, but still necessary to win a set with a 2 game lead

In the Davis Cup , the tie-break generally wasn't introduced until 1989, but the tie-break rule is not applied in the final and decisive set. Initially the tie-break was played at 8: 8, but this was later changed to the 6: 6 that is common today.

The longest tie-break in professional tennis history took place on July 1, 1985 in the match between Jan Gunnarsson / Michael Mortensen and John Frawley / Víctor Pecci in doubles at Wimbledon. At 6: 3, 6: 4, 3: 6, 7: 6, Gunnarsson / Mortensen won the tie-break of the fourth set with 26:24.

chess

In chess tournaments with several participants, different types of fine scoring are used in the event of a tie . However, this is not possible if the tie occurs in a match between two players. Then, as a rule, further games with a shorter reflection period have to bring the decision. To compensate for the advantage of the suit , an even number of quick or lightning games with changing colors is played. If there is still no decision, a single blitz game is often played, in which White gets a little more time to think about it (for example five minutes against four minutes), but has to win, while a draw is enough for Black to win the competition. This game is called Sudden Death Game , meanwhile the term Armageddon Match has established itself for it. Usually the color distribution of this decision-making game is drawn. In the US championships, on the other hand, a system has been established in which both players must submit a hidden bid before the start of the game as to how much time they want to play (maximum 45 minutes). The player with the lower bid can then choose the color and must play with the time allowed, while his opponent receives the maximum time (in this case 45 minutes) regardless of his bid. Here too, the player with the black pieces wins the competition in the event of a draw.

Instead of this regulation, the winners of competitions in the event of a tie were previously determined by drawing lots or - for example in world championships - the defending champion was awarded the victory. Or it was played until an opponent was the first to achieve a certain number of wins.

darts

At the darts tournaments of the World Championship and the World Matchplay , a lead of two legs is required to win. If there is a tie just before the end of the actual game distance, a tie-break will be played in these tournaments. The game distance can be increased by up to six legs until a player reaches the required two-leg lead. If this does not happen after these six legs have ended, a Sudden Death Leg is played.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Duden
  2. ↑ The Australian Open also introduce a tie-break in the decisive sentence . In: Spiegel online . ( spiegel.de [accessed on July 13, 2019]).
  3. ↑ The end for endless games: Wimbledon introduces tie-break in the fifth set . In: FAZ.NET . ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed July 13, 2019]).
  4. ^ The Age: Breaking with tradition
  5. ↑ US Chess Champs Rules & Regulations 2014 , accessed April 15, 2015