Limestone spiders
| Limestone spiders | ||||||||||||
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| Titanoecidae | ||||||||||||
| Lehtinen , 1967 |
The limestone spiders (Titanoecidae) are a family of real spiders from the superfamily of the Titanoecoidea . The family comprises five genera and 53 species . (As of June 2016)
The system is still very much in motion. Further initial descriptions and transfers are very likely , especially in southern Europe . Their occurrence in many regions is considered unsafe. Presumably not least because of the rudimentary status of the scientific descriptions, they are only seldom proven and their ecology apparently undescribed.
description
Limestone spiders are medium-sized, yellow-brown to dark brown to red-brown, and have velvety hairs. They weave cribellate safety nets near the ground and under stones. They are mostly found on sunny slopes of the mountains ( Carpathians , Balkans , Alps ; hence the name) and seem to prefer dry and warm locations.
Distribution and native species
Anuvinda has so far only been detected in India. The genus Goeldia is common in Central and South America and Pandava from China to Sri Lanka .
The most species-rich genus is Titanoeca , which was split off from the dark spiders (Amaurobiidae) and is common throughout Europe and Asia . So far, nine species of this genus have been identified in Europe. Nurscia is the second genus found in Central Europe . It is represented by only two types:
- Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas , 1846) - Europe to Central Asia
- Nurscia sequerai ( Simon , 1892) - Portugal to France
- Titanoeca flavicoma L. Koch , 1872 - Palearctic
- Titanoeca monticola (Simon , 1870) - Portugal, Spain, France
- Titanoeca nivalis Simon , 1874 - Holarctic
- Titanoeca praefica (Simon , 1870) - Spain, France, Algeria, Russia
- Titanoeca quadriguttata ( Hahn , 1833) - Palearctic
- Titanoeca schineri L. Koch , 1872 - Palearctic
- Titanoeca spominima (Taczanowski , 1866) - Germany, Poland, Sweden
- Titanoeca tristis L. Koch , 1872 - Europe to Central Asia
- Titanoeca veteranica Herman , 1879 - Eastern Europe to Central Asia
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists five genera and 53 species for limestone spiders. (As of June 2016)
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Anuvinda Lehtinen , 1967
- Anuvinda escheri (Reimoser , 1934)
- Anuvinda milloti (Hubert , 1973)
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Goeldia Keyserling , 1891
- Goeldia arnozoi (Mello-Leitão , 1924)
- Goeldia chinipensis Leech , 1972
- Goeldia luteipes (Keyserling , 1891)
- Goeldia mexicana (O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1896)
- Goeldia nigra (Mello-Leitão , 1917)
- Goeldia obscura (Keyserling , 1878)
- Goeldia patellaris (Simon , 1892)
- Goeldia tizamina (Chamberlin & Ivie , 1938)
- Goeldia zyngierae Almeida-Silva, Brescovit & Dias , 2009
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Nurscia Simon , 1874
- Nurscia albofasciata (Beach , 1907)
- Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas , 1846)
- Nurscia albosignata Simon , 1874
- Nurscia sequerai (Simon , 1893)
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Pandava Lehtinen , 1967
- Pandava andhraca (Patel & Reddy , 1990)
- Pandava ganesha Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit , 2010
- Pandava ganga Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit , 2010
- Pandava hunanensis Yin & Bao , 2001
- Pandava kama Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit , 2010
- Pandava laminata (Thorell , 1878)
- Pandava nathabhaii (Patel & Patel , 1975)
- Pandava sarasvati Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit , 2010
- Pandava shiva Almeida-Silva, Griswold & Brescovit , 2010
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Titanoeca Thorell , 1870
- Titanoeca altaica Song & Zhou , 1994
- Titanoeca americana Emerton , 1888
- Titanoeca asimilis Song & Zhu , 1985
- Titanoeca brunnea Emerton , 1888
- Titanoeca caucasica Dunin , 1985
- Titanoeca eca Marusik , 1995
- Titanoeca flavicoma L. Koch , 1872
- Titanoeca guayaquilensis Schmidt , 1971
- Titanoeca gyirongensis Hu , 2001
- Titanoeca hispanica Wunderlich , 1995
- Titanoeca incerta (Nosek , 1905)
- Titanoeca lehtineni Fet , 1986
- Titanoeca lianyuanensis Xu, Yin & Bao , 2002
- Titanoeca liaoningensis Zhu, Gao & Guan , 1993
- Titanoeca mae Song, Zhang & Zhu , 2002
- Titanoeca minuta Marusik , 1995
- Titanoeca monticola (Simon , 1870)
- Titanoeca nigrella (Chamberlin , 1919)
- Titanoeca nivalis Simon , 1874
- Titanoeca palpator Hu & Li , 1987
- Titanoeca praefica (Simon , 1870)
- Titanoeca quadriguttata (Hahn , 1833)
- Titanoeca schineri L. Koch , 1872
- Titanoeca sharmai (Bastawade , 2008)
- Titanoeca spominima (Taczanowski , 1866)
- Titanoeca tristis L. Koch , 1872
- Titanoeca turkmenia Wunderlich , 1995
- Titanoeca ukrainica Guryanova , 1992
- Titanoeca veteranica Herman , 1879
Web links
Titanoecidae in the World Spider Catalog
- Heimer & Nentwig (1991). Spinning Central Europe - online key
- Blick, T., R. Bosmans, J. Buchar, P. Gajdoš, A. Hänggi, P. Van Helsdingen, V. Ružicka, W. Starega & K. Thaler, 2004. Checklist of the spiders in Central Europe. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version December 1, 2004.
literature
- Heimer, Stefan and Nentwig, Wolfgang; 1991: Spinning Central Europe. Publisher Paul Parey Berlin. ISBN 3-489-53534-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Amaurobiidae . Retrieved June 16, 2016.