Tobi Reiser

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Tobi Reiser ( the elder , actually Tobias Franz Reiser ; born March 2, 1907 in St. Johann im Pongau ; † October 31, 1974 in Kaprun ) was an Austrian folk musician. The Maxglaner Zigeunermarsch, which he wrote, is one of his most famous compositions.

Act

The master butcher Tobias Reiser is known as a folk musician, founder of singing and music groups and the inventor of room music. In his work he was inspired and influenced by the Bavarian folk song collector Wastl Fanderl and his Austrian colleagues Otto Eberhard and Curt Rotter .

In 1932, together with Eberhard, Reiser founded the first public folksong singing in St. Johann im Pongau and in the following years many other competitions. With the Flachgau musicians in 1934 he created a music group that still exists today. In the same year, the Salzburg instrument maker Heinrich Bandzauner developed the chromatic dulcimer based on Reiser's ideas , a novelty that replaced the diatonic dulcimer, which had previously been used almost exclusively as an accompanying instrument.

National Socialist Period

Even before 1938 Reiser publicly polemicized against Jewish dances with an anti-Semitic undertone and advocated a ban on Jews wearing traditional clothing. In 1941 he praised local customs as the "best weapon against Jewish poison". He moderated a monthly radio broadcast on the Reichssender Wien .

The contemporary historian Oliver Rathkolb concludes in his book about Reiser in 2016: “There is no longer any question that Tobi Reiser's folk culture and folk music work had a stabilizing effect on the system and rule.” After the end of the Nazi regime, Reiser completely reinterpreted his political role in memory blocks and tried to fend off any evidence of a proximity to the then illegal NSDAP in the early 1930s. In 2016, Cultural Councilor Heinrich Schellhorn (Greens) emphasized that the State of Salzburg was keeping a distance from Reiser's National Socialist past, but honored his achievements for the Salzburg folk culture.

After 1945

1945 Reiser was removed from office.

With the Salzburger Adventsingen in 1946 Reiser succeeded - together with Karl Heinrich Waggerl - in establishing an event that was and will soon be imitated throughout the entire Alpine region.

In 1946, Tobi Reiser founded the Salzburger Heimatwerk , Heimatverein and sales shop for down-to-earth handicrafts.

Room music

The Tobi Reiser Quintet (later continued as Ensemble Tobias Reiser by his son), founded in 1953, became the model for many folk music groups in Austria and Bavaria. By introducing what was then a completely new variety, Tobi Reiser musically revolutionized the Alpine region. The room music , the interplay of zither , guitar , harp , dulcimer and double bass , corresponds to his ideas from the 1950s. Today, less than sixty years after its creation, this style is often thought to be the most original form of folk music.

family

His son Tobias Reiser (* December 2, 1946; † December 18, 1999) took over from his father both the ensemble and the management of the Advent singing and later also that of the Heimatwerk.

Tobi Reiser Prize

A folk culture award named after Tobi Reiser ( Tobi Reiser Award ) has been awarded annually since 1992 . In view of Reiser's role during the National Socialist era, the award of the award was suspended in 2013. According to an expert opinion by the historian Oliver Rathkolb , the Salzburg Advent Singing Association, in coordination with the State of Salzburg, decided in 2016 not to award a prize named after Tobi Reiser.

literature

  • Salzburg cultural lexicon. Residenz Verlag, 2001.
  • Salzburg music history. Publisher Anton Pustet, 2005.
  • Musicians and composers. Working group search for traces, Munich.
  • Walter Deutsch: Tobi Reiser (1907–1974). A documentation. With the collaboration of Lucia Luidold and Pepi Wimmer. Verlag Holzhausen, Vienna 1997.
  • Wolfgang Dreier, Thomas Hochradner (ed.): In the spotlight: Tobi Reiser. Documentation of the symposium in St. Johann i. Pongau 2007. Salzburger Volksliedwerk, Salzburg 2011.
  • Oliver Rathkolb: Tobi Reiser and National Socialism. Salzburg Museum Publishing House, 2016.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Tobi Reiser Prize suspended. Report on salzburg.orf.at from October 2, 2013.
  2. ↑ Land distances itself from Tobi Reiser Prize. Report on salzburg.orf.at from May 17, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Reiser, Tobi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Reiser, Tobi d. Ä .; Reiser, Tobias Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian folk musician
DATE OF BIRTH March 2, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Johann im Pongau
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1974
Place of death Kaprun