Tobias Wagner (theologian)

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Tobias Wagner on an engraving by Bartholomäus Kilian
Tobias Wagner D. Universitatis Tubingensis Cancellarius, & Ecclesiae Praepositus, Lectoribus Salutem

Tobias Wagner (born February 21, 1598 in Heidenheim , † August 12, 1680 in Tübingen ) was a Württemberg Lutheran theologian.

Life

Tobias Wagner went in 1607 to the Latin School Nördlingen , 1611 at the Latin School Heidenheim, to the convent schools in Kloster Adelberg and Maulbronn Monastery and enrolled later, on July 7, 1619 at the University of Tuebingen . On December 27, 1620 he was Baccalaureus and on February 19, 1623 Magister artium. From 1624 to 1653 he was a deacon and pastor in Esslingen am Neckar . On May 13, 1635 he received his doctorate in theology in Tübingen. After decades of pastoral service, Wagner took over the second theological professorship at the University of Tübingen on July 4, 1653. In 1662 he was appointed to the first theological professorship and was also chancellor.

In 1654/55 Wagner was rector of the university. Wagner participated in the rebuilding of the Tübingen theological faculty after the Thirty Years War. As a theologian he was one of the most controversial representatives of Lutheranism in the seventeenth century. In the age of polemics, Wagner not only did not avoid the dispute, "he stirred it up, among colleagues and other scholars, so that as Chancellor he had to be put off three times by the dukes, and he was once confiscated a book."

Wagner was so prone to confrontation in confessional matters that a visitation recess of 1675 attributed the decline in the number of Tübingen students to the theological dispute. Wagner, like Johann Adam Osiander, advocated a dogmatically clearly fixed Lutheranism and criticized early Enlightenment currents in Protestant theology. Wagner only took part in the antiatheist controversy of the time late. He saw the root of "atheism" primarily in the decline in authority of the Holy Scriptures.

Wagner advised extreme determination in the fight against the atheists, as they supposedly wanted to destroy Christianity. Theologically, Wagner also fought against the supposedly pantheistic arguments of the opponents. For this purpose, the proof of the finiteness of the world was made, whereby a reference to "nature" as the cause of creation should be excluded. Wagner did not take part in the Spinoza criticism, unlike - albeit only in the 1680s and 1690s - Christian Kortholt , Immanuel Weber , Johann Petrus Grünenberg and Johann Franz Budde .

family

Tobias Wagner was the son of Georg Wagner, a coppersmith from Heidenheim, and his wife Maria, née. Reuter. He married in Lorch in 1625 Katharina Nicolai (* October 2, 1604 in Waiblingen ; † June 7, 1670 in Tübingen) a daughter of Melchior Nicolai. He had the following children with her, all of whom were born in Esslingen:

1. died early
2. Maria Katharina (born January 10, 1627; † November 3, 1679 in Tübingen), ⚭ January 31, 1648 Esslingen: Melchior Märcklin
3. Tobias (born June 13, 1628; † February 17, 1667 in Stuttgart ), Dr. med. and Physicus ibid. ⚭ I. April 29, 1651 ibid .: Anna Margarethe Hermann, ⚭ II. August 30, 1658 Hall : Susanne Margarethe Klöpfer from ibid.
4. Melchior
5. Georg Konrad
Deceased early 6th - 11th
12. Christina (* February 15, 1641; † January 26, 1713 Gemmrigheim ) ⚭ September 3, 1661 Heidenheim: Johann Hafner
13. Johann Erhard (born November 29, 1642; † 1675; M. March 12, 1662), Dr. med. and Physicus Esslingen, December 3, 1667 ibid .: Anna Elisabeth Noderer
14. died early
15. Christoph (* August 5, 1645, August 25, 1664) "excessit apostata"
16. died early

Theological works (selection)

  • Compendium dialecticae, Tubingae 1633
  • Evangelical censorship and thorough refutation of the supposed substantial motives, why Christoph Besold wrote that he believed that the right and unified holy faith could only be found in the Roman churches, Tübingen 1640; Exegesis catechismi Brentii, Tubingae 1644
  • Compendium deß waren Christianenthums, that is the Christian home exercise of the Württenberg catechism, Ulm 1644
  • Evangelical Theologia Patrum, that is salvation in accordance with the Holy Scriptures and Church Vätter Meynung, Tobiae Wagner's his Evangelical Censorship, which opposes the Besold religious motifs, Tübingen 1647; Diatribe de persona Christi cum annexa oratione de incarnatione filii Die, Tübingen 1654
  • De iustificatione hominis peccatoris coram Deo, Tübingen 1656
  • Astrologia genethliaca, Stuttgardiae 1656
  • Compendium dialecticum, nucleum praeceptorum dialecticorum exhibens, Ulm 1658 [other editions: Ulm 1661; Ulm 1680]
  • Exercitationes, an Lutherani habeant veram scripturam, Tübingen 1658
  • Manuductio polemica, XXII disputationibus de sacra scriptura instituta, Tübingen 1659
  • Fasciculus canonico-theologicus, Tübingen 1660
  • Compendiolum dialecticum, Ulmae 1661
  • Tobiae Wagner's Türcken booklet, that is the main summary description of the Ottoman house of Herkommen, Ulm 1661
  • De causis fidei salvificae, Tübingen 1663
  • Breviarium totius orbis terrarum geographicum, Ulmae 1663
  • Descriptiones genealogicae praecipuarum familiarum magnatum in Europa, Ulmae 1663
  • Institutiones historicae, Ulmae Suevorum 1663
  • Inquisitio theologica in Acta henotica, nostro potissimum tompore inter theologos Augustanae confessionis et reformatae ecclesiae a Reformatis resuscitata, Tübingen 1664
  • Inquisitio in oracula Sybillarum de Christo, Tübingen 1664
  • Inquisitio theologica in Acta Henotica: Nostro potissimum tempore inter theologos Augustanae Confessionis et Reformatae Ecclesiae a reformatis resuscitata, Tubingae 1666
  • Dissertatio de existentia Angelorum, imprimis diabolorum, o. O. o. J. [approx. 1670] [suppressed before publication]
  • De qualitate pugnae inter theolgiam et philosophiam, iam dum sub praelio sudans tractatus, sed autore Augustae commorante, iussu Principis inhibitus fiscoque addictus, Tübingen 1671
  • Diatribe de subsistentia ecclesiae NT sub incommodis, Tübingen 1673
  • Inquisitio theologica in resuscitata acta syncretistica: cassellano potissimum colloquio, et theologis calculum ei adiicientibus, nominatim Amyraldo, Maresio, Hottingero, Duraeo, Hornbekio, Curtio, Tubingae 1676; Examen elenchticum atheismi speculativi, Tübingen 1677
  • Disputatio, to Christ, qua homo et qua mediator, sit adorandus, Tübingen 1678
  • Proempticum iudicium theologicum de scriptis Jac. Boehmii, Sutoris, dicti teutonici philosophi, Tübingen 1679.

Religious writings (selection)

  • Christian luminous sermon on the blissful absences: Whose because and venerable and highly learned Mr. Johann-Erhardi Cellii, past pastor and superintendent of the Holy Imperial City of Esslingen: Which in this running 1627th year fell asleep on Friday the 20th day of April between 10th and 11th morning and the following Sunday evening was buried at the public gathering, Tübingen 1627
  • Gymnasium Euthanasiae, That is, Christian exercise of the high-soul dying art, apart from the seventh petition of the father of ours, translated by Luthero Gesangsweiß: Auff desire laid out, and about the blissful absenteeism of the Weiland Ehrnvesten high attentive, Wolweise Herr Lorentz H. Dathen, was mayor whose de Preaching to the imperial city of Esslingen, Ulm 1639
  • Funeral speech about Hieronymus Egen, Ulm 1639
  • Funeral speech about Michael Helfferich, Tübingen 1635
  • Easy sermon on Johann-Erhard Cell, Tübingen 1636; Leich-Sermon about Ludwig Lutz, Heylbronn 1642
  • Light sermon on Lucas Plattenhardt, Ulm 1648
  • Schwerdt preaching about the Landstraff des war, Ulm 1649
  • Funeral speech about Elias Pilgram, Stuttgart 1650
  • Seven-fold marriage-Teuffel, Ulm 1651
  • Esslinger joy festival over the general imperial peace, Ulm 1651
  • Funeral sermon on Anna Maria Stüber, Stuttgart 1652
  • Funeral speech about Joseph Hartmann, Stuttgart 1652
  • Leich sermon on Caspar Daur, Stuttgart 1653
  • Casual sermons on all kinds of serious cases worth considering, Stuttgart 1658
  • Epistle-Postill or written interpretation of the Sundays, feasts and holidays epistles throughout the year, Tübingen 1666
  • Sermons by D. Martin Luther, Frankfurt am Main 1666
  • Magic and witch sermons, oO 1667
  • Jesus Christ came into the world to make sinners bliss: About the absence of Albert Otto von und zu Merlau, Tübingen 1680
  • Written concerns about what to think of Jacob Boehme's books, including the attached sermons of excommunication and penance, Stuttgart 1682

literature

  • Georg Heinrich Keller: body burial of Tobiae Wagner. Tubingen 1680.
  • Ludwig Melchior Fischlin: Memoria theologorum Wirtembergensium resuscitata. Volume 2, Ulm 1710.
  • Paul Tschackert:  Wagner, Tobias, Protestant theologian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, pp. 582-584.
  • Carl von Weizsäcker: Teacher and lessons at the Protestant theological faculty of the University of Tübingen. From the Reformation to the present. Tübingen 1877, pp. 66-79.
  • Eugen Gaus: Tobias Wagner, b. zu Heidenheim on February 21, 1598. Chancellor of the University from 1662–1680. Heidenheim an der Brenz 1920.
  • Eugen Gaus: Tobias Wagner from Heidenheim. In: Alt-Württemberg 8 (1962), No. 12 and 9 (1963), No. 1.
  • Klaus Scholder : Origins and Problems of Biblical Criticism in the 17th Century. Munich 1966.
  • Hans-Martin Barth : Atheism and Orthodoxy. Analysis and model of Christian apologetics in the 17th century (= research on systematic and ecumenical theology. Volume 26), Göttingen 1971.
  • Wolfram Angerbauer: The Chancellery at the University of Tübingen. Tübingen 1972.
  • James Edwin Force: The Origins of Modern Atheism. In: Journal of the History of Ideas 50 (1987), 153-162.
  • Winfried Schroeder: Origins of Atheism. Investigations into the metaphysical and religious criticism of the 17th and 18th centuries (= Quaestiones. Volume 11), Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1998.
  • Thomas Hilarius Meyer: "Rod" of God and "shit" of the devil. Theological theory of magic and witches at the University of Tübingen in the early modern period. Hamburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7323-5024-7 , pp. 243–249.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Württemberg Church History on-line.
  2. ^ A b c d Matthias Wolfes: Biographisches, Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, Volume XVIII (2000). ( Memento of June 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Columns 1468–1472. Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7 .
  3. ^ Wolfram Angerbauer: The Chancellery at the University of Tübingen. Tübingen 1972, pp. 65-79.
  4. ↑ ADB 40 (1896), p. 583: De qualitate pugnae inter theologiam et philosophiam, iam dum sub praelio sudans tractatus, sed autore Augustae commorante, iussu Principis inhibitus fiscoque addictus, Tübingen, 1671.
  5. ↑ a b Examen elenchticum atheismi speculativi, Tübingen 1677, 94ff.
personal data
SURNAME Wagner, Tobias
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lutheran theologian from Württemberg
DATE OF BIRTH February 21, 1598
PLACE OF BIRTH Heidenheim
DATE OF DEATH August 12, 1680
Place of death Tübingen