Mild shine-deaf

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Mild shine-deaf
2009-08-20 Russula nitida (pers.) Fr 69493.jpg

Mild sheen deafblings ( Russula nitida )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Mild shine-deaf
Scientific name
Russula nitida
( Pers ex. Fri.) Fri .

The mildly glossy deafness ( Russula nitida ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . It is a mild-tasting blubber that can often be found under birch trees. The very variable species has many varieties and shapes, a good distinguishing feature is the strongly grooved edge of the hat.

features

Underside of the hat with the lamellae of the mild sheen blubber

Macroscopic features

The hat is 3–7 cm wide and relatively fleshy and firm. It is colored wine-red, purple-purple or red-brown, rarely pink or light red. The middle of the hat is more or less depressed, often olive-colored, yellowish or brownish with age. Often a darker zone shows up around the lighter center. The edge is thin to translucent and grooved with rough bumps. The cap skin is moist and greasy, often radially veined and wrinkled in the center and long and greasy and shiny. It is widely removable.

The lamellas are pale cream-colored when young, soon a deep butter-yellow and ocher-yellow when ripe. They are rounded at the front, fairly wide or bulbous and connected with transverse veins at the base. They are more or less distant and are often inconspicuously reddish at the edge.

The stalk is white, 3–9 cm long and 0.5–2 cm wide, slightly extended to a club. The stem is often tinged with pink at the base. The stalk is very tender and hollow at the end. The flesh is white, with a slight yellowish stain here and there on the handle, and tastes unobtrusively mild. The smell is also inconspicuous to slightly fruity. The guaiac reaction is weak, with iron sulfate the meat turns pink.

Microscopic features

The spores are broadly elliptical, 8–12 long and 7–9 µm wide. They have isolated, conical to short-spiked warts. The warts are 0.7 µm high or higher. The basidia are 40–50 × 10–13 μm long and have four 7–9 μm long sterigms. The pleurocystids (cystids in the lamella wall) are thin-walled, 65–95 μm long and 10–11 μm wide, rarely wider. They are cylindrical to slightly club-shaped, usually pointed at the top, rarely blunt, and usually provided with a 2–3.5 μm long, cylindrical appendage.

The cap skin contains numerous slender, club-shaped, 6–8 µm wide Pileocystiden, which either not at all or can be singly or doubly septate. They are up to 100 µm long and change color when sulfovanillin is added. The hyphae end cells of the cap skin are more or less elongated, 2–4 µm wide, sometimes almost club-shaped and contain vacuolar pigments.

ecology

Like all deafeners, the mild gloss deafening is a mycorrhizal producer that mainly forms a symbiosis with different types of birch . In addition to birch trees, the fungus can also partner with spruce , and even more rarely with other deciduous trees. The mild glossy Täubling can be found at water locations such as flat, intermediate or raised bogs rich in peat moss, in peat birch forests, birch quarries, at the edges of streams or drainage ditches, preferably in the middle of peat moss. As a water-loving species, the fungus prefers strongly acidic to weakly basic, extremely nutrient-poor wet soils, often with only a small amount of humus. The fungus occurs from the lowlands to the higher mountains. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October, rarely earlier.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the mild gloss pavilion.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Milde Shine-Täubling is a species that can be found in almost the entire northern hemisphere. In the north it penetrates into the sub-arctic areas, in the south into the Mediterranean zone. The mushroom is found in North Asia in the Caucasus, in Siberia and Russia-Far East, in North America (Canada USA), in Greenland and in Europe. In Europe, the species has been detected in the west of France via the Netherlands to Great Britain, in the east to Belarus. In the north the Täubling is widespread throughout Fennoscandinavia north to Lapland, in southern Europe it is found only very rarely.

    In Germany, the fungus can be found scattered rather patchy from the North and Baltic Sea islands to the High Rhine and the Alpine foothills.

    Systematics

    Inquirerous classification

    The Milde gloss-Täubling is the type of the subsection Sphagnophilinae . In this subsection small to medium-sized species are grouped together, most of which have reddish, purple or purple colored hats and a mild taste. The spore powder is cream to ocher in color.

    Forms and varieties

    The following forms and varieties of the Mild Shine Täubling have been described:

    variety author description
    Russula nitida var. Sphagnophila ( Moortorf-Täubling ) ( Kauffman ) Krieglsteiner (2000) This variety occurs in wetlands, on lakes, ponds or ponds, mostly directly in the peat moss . The stem is rarely tinged with pink. Originally the variety was described by the American mycologist Kauffman as a separate species Russula sphagnophila . The Latin epithet means loving peat moss ( sphabnum ).

    The hat is 3-5 (7) cm wide, quite fragile with a clearly streaky, furrowed edge. The hat is pale copper brown. The colors can vary from greenish, brownish olive or purple to pale wine-red or rarely reddish. The hat can also be completely faded, as with var. Pallida . The lamellae are distant and creamy white, the spore powder is almost creamy in color.

    The white and rarely reddish tinged stalk is 4–6 × 0.8–1 cm long and wide, hollow, with a more or less thickened center. It is very soft and easy to squeeze, at the base it is almost rust-colored, finely wrinkled or finely veined along its length. The flesh is fragile, white to slightly yellow with a smell similar to that of the green-violet blubber, Russula violacea . The meat tastes mild, but almost bitter after prolonged chewing.

    The spores 8-10 µm long and 6.5-7.5 µm wide and ornamented almost like a net. The cystids are up to 100 × 10 µm long. The Pileocystiden are 4-8 µm wide and not or almost not septate.

    Russula nitida f. pseudoamethystina Sing. The hat is blue-violet to flesh-colored, violet with a pale red-brownish, pale or the same color center, often fading. Otherwise same as the type. Coniferous forest. July – October. Bavaria, Trentino. Certainly more common.
    Russula nitida f. olivascens Gill. The hat is colored dirty purple, from the middle with a strong greenish or olive-colored admixture, sometimes also completely green. Otherwise like Typus. Coniferous forest. July – October. France, Germany. Certainly more common.
    Russula nitida var. Heterosperma (Sing.) Bon The spores have low, thorny, almost connected warts and generally do not exceed 9 µm in length. The colors are like the type or more dull, almost black-brown to purple or almost olive. The Pileocystiden often septate.
    Russula nitida f. olivaceoalba (Sing.) Bon As with the type, the 10 µm wide spores usually have isolated warts, but these are often smaller. The colors are dull with no pink or purple tint. Most of the time the hat is almost copper on a yellowish background, blackish brown with an olive-bronze tone, sometimes pale beige. The hat skin anatomy corresponds to that of the type. The fungus forms a mycorrhiza with various deciduous trees, but prefers birch trees. The shape is not hygrophilous , so it does not prefer any moist locations.
    Russula nitida var. Saliceticola ( dwarf willow Täubling )
    		Sing. The dwarf willow deaf is an alpine variety that forms a mycorrhiza with herb willows ( Salix herbacea ). The hat is small, about 2 cm wide, dark purple in color and grooved on the edge. The spores have comb-like warts, which are sometimes connected to one another in an almost fine-meshed manner. This variety was also described as a separate species as Russula saliceticola .

    meaning

    The Milde Gloss-Täubling is edible.

    literature

    • Russula nitida database entry at cbs.knaw.nl (English)
    • Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 62 .
    • Ewald Gerhart (Ed.): Mushrooms Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellas . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 280 .
    • Russula nitida In: H. Romagnesi: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. 1967 (French)

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c d e f German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
    2. ↑ a b c d Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: The Russulales Website w3.uwyo.edu. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved May 7, 2012 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    3. ^ Roger Phillips: Russula nitida. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on May 6, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rogersmushrooms.com
    4. ^ A b Rolf Singer : Monograph of the genus Russula . In: A. Pascher (Ed.): Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt . tape  49 , 1932, pp. 260-261 ( online ).
    5. ↑ a b Russula nitida in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    6. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula nitida. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 27, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula nitida. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 87-635-1277-7 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 56 .
    9. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    10. ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 293 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    11. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula nitida. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    12. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula nitida. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on May 3, 2014 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    13. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula sphagnophila. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    14. ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis, E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 4. (PDF; 599 kB) Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 104 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, pp. 39–42 , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
    15. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula nitida. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 27, 2012 .
    16. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula nitida. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 27, 2012 .

    Web links

    Commons : Milder Glanz-Täubling ( Russula nitida )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files