Large nut slice
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Large nut slice ( Torreya grandis ) |
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| Fortune ex Lindl. |
The large nut or Chinese nut ( Torreya grandis ) is a species of plant from the genus nut ( Torreya ) in the yew family (Taxaceae). The two varieties are found in China.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Torreya grandis grows as an evergreen tree and can reach heights of up to 25 meters. This long-lived tree can reach an age of 400 to 500 years. While the genus is also often known under the name stinky beech, because the needles smell unpleasant when rubbed, the grated needles of this species have no pungent odor.
Generative characteristics
The large nut slice is dioecious, separate sexes ( diocesan ). The egg-shaped, hard-shelled seed is completely surrounded by a thick, fleshy seed coat ( aril ). The seed does not mature until the second year.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Systematics and distribution
The first description of Torreya grandis was in 1857 by Robert Fortune in John Lindley : The Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette , volume 1857, page 788.
Of Torreya grandis has been around since 1995, two varieties:
- Torreya grandis Fortune ex Lindl. var. grandis (Syn .: Caryotaxus grandis (Fortune ex Lindley) Henkel & W. Hochstetter , Tumion grande (Fortune ex Lindl.) Greene , Torreya grandis var. chingii Hu , Torreya grandis var. dielsii Hu , Torreya grandis var. merrillii Hu , Torreya grandis var. Sargentii Hu , Torreya nucifera var. Grandis (Fortune ex Lindl.) Pilger ): It thrives on mountains and in open valleys at altitudes of 200 to 1400 meters in the Chinese provinces of southern Anhui , northern Fujian , northeastern Guizhou ( Songtao only ), western Hunan , southern Jiangsu , northern Jiangxi and Zhejiang .
- Torreya grandis var. Jiulongshanensis Zhi Y.Li, ZCTang & N.Kang : It was first described in 1995. It thrives on mountains at altitudes of around 800 meters only in Suichang Xian in southern Zhejiang.
use
In Central Europe, the large nut can occasionally be found in botanical gardens, parks and private gardens. The large nut slice can be found as an ornamental plant in Central Europe mainly in areas with a wine-growing climate, as it is only partially hardy.
Roasted fruits are a coveted delicacy in China. Oil extracted from seeds is used in cooking. Essential oil is made from the seed coat. The wood is used as construction timber for buildings, bridges, furniture and ships.
literature
- Andreas Bärtels: Encyclopedia of the garden trees. , Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3198-6 , p. 750.
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Taxaceae. : Torreya grandis Fortune ex Lindley , p. 80 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 .
Web links
- Erik Gotfredsen: Liber Herbarum II . (List of names)
- Torreya grandis inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Endangered Species . Listed by: Y. Yang, D. Luscombe, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Taxaceae. : Torreya grandis Fortune ex Lindley , p. 80 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 .
- ↑ Torreya grandis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Torreya grandis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved April 12, 2019.