Great stone grave Eext

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Great stone grave Eext Stepped grave by Eext, Eexter grafkelder, Stemberg
Hunebed D13
The large stone grave D13 near Eext

The large stone grave D13 near Eext
Great stone grave Eext (Netherlands)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 53 ° 0 '40.9 "  N , 6 ° 43' 37.6"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 0 '40.9 "  N , 6 ° 43' 37.6"  E
place Aa en Hunze , OT Eext , Drenthe , The Netherlands
Emergence 3470 to 2760 BC Chr.
van Giffen no. D13

The Eext large stone grave (also known as the Eext staircase grave ( Dutch trapgraf ), Eexter grafkelder or Stemberg ) is a megalithic tomb of the Neolithic western group of the funnel beaker culture near Eext , a district of Aa en Hunze in the Dutch province of Drenthe . The complex has been archaeologically examined several times . The name "staircase grave" comes from the fact that the buried chamber, which is partly still in the hill, was originally accessible via a steep four-step staircase. This crypt shape is unique in the Netherlands. The grave bears the Van Giffen number D13.

location

The grave is located in the south of Eext on a dirt road between Jan Oostingweg and Stationsstraat. There are several other large stone graves in the vicinity: 450 m north-north-west is the large stone grave Eext-Es (D12), 1.1 km south-southeast the large stone grave Eexterhalte (D14) and 2.5 km north-northwest the large stone grave Anloo-Zuid (D11).

Research history

Drawing from 1760

The grave was first mentioned in an anonymous report from 1735. In 1756 Johannes van Lier examined the complex and published a report in 1760 that was the first monographic treatise on a large stone grave in the Netherlands. Cornelis van Noorde and Petrus Camper made drawings of the grave in 1756 and 1768 respectively. In 1871 the facility was improperly restored. In 1878 an investigation was carried out by William Collings Lukis and Henry Dryden . In 1905 the grave was restored. In 1918 Albert Egges van Giffen documented the facility for his atlas of the Dutch megalithic graves. In 1927 van Giffen carried out an archaeological dig. Another excavation took place in 1984 under the direction of Jan N. Lanting . Since 1978 the complex has been a national monument ( Rijksmonument ).

description

In the complex there is an east-northeast-west-southwest oriented, deepened into the ground passage grave . A stone enclosure could not be found. According to Lanting's investigation, the mound was created in three phases: the oldest extended to the middle of the wall stones, the second to the underside of the cap stones, and the third completely covered the burial chamber . This third phase probably does not date to the funnel beaker culture, but to the end Neolithic (2850–2000 BC). The chamber is 4.3 m long and 3.2 m wide. It consists of three pairs of wall stones on the long sides and one end stone each on the narrow sides. Of the three original capstones, only one is left. It was found abducted in Eext in 1976 and put back on the chamber. Allegedly there is a second stone somewhere in the ground near the Eexter church. The wall and cap stones are unusually flat and fit together so precisely that there are hardly any gaps between them. Any intermediate masonry has not been preserved and was probably only built to a small extent. The entrance to the burial chamber was located between the eastern and central wall stones on the southern long side. In front of this was a staircase construction made up of four steps, which was bordered with two walls made of rolling stones. Each step consisted of one or two flat stones. There was a threshold stone between the stairs and the chamber. This stair construction is unique for the Dutch large stone graves and is also very rare in the wider area of ​​the funnel cup culture. Only four other large stone graves in Lower Saxony have such access: the large stone grave Deinste 1 , the large stone grave Krelingen , the large stone grave Sieben Steinhäuser C and the destroyed large stone grave Meckelstedt 2 . According to Lanting's investigation, the staircase of the large stone grave at Eext was not part of the original construction plan, but was only erected in the second construction phase.

Finds

During his investigation, Van Lier found numerous ceramic vessels with burned bones, but these have not been preserved.

See also

literature

  • Jan Albert Bakker : The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture . International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-87962-102-9 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , pp. 208-209 ( online version ).
  • Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
  • Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , p. 170.
  • G. de Leeuw: Onze hunebedden. Gids before Drentse hunebedden en de Trechterbekerkultuur . Flint 'Nhoes, Borger 1984.
  • William Collings Lukis : Report on the hunebedden of Drenthe, Netherlands. In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London. 2nd series. Volume 8, 1878, pp. 47-55 ( online ).
  • Wijnand van der Sanden , Hans Dekker: Gids voor de hunebedden in Drenthe en Groningen . WBooks, Zwolle 2012, ISBN 978-9040007040 .
  • Jürgen E. Walkowitz: The megalithic syndrome. European cult sites of the Stone Age (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Vol. 36). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2003, ISBN 3-930036-70-3 .

Web links

Commons : Trapgraf by Eext  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anna L. Brindley : The typochronology of TRB West Group pottery. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 28, 1986, pp. 93-132 ( online ). Annual figures corrected according to Moritz Mennenga : Between Elbe and Ems. The settlements of the funnel beaker culture in northwest Germany (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 13). Habelt, Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7749-4118-2 , p. 93 ( online ).
  2. ^ Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: 45026 te Eext