Trichoderma viride

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Trichoderma viride
Conidiophores of Trichoderma viride

Conidiophores of Trichoderma viride

Systematics
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms
Class : Sordariomycetes
Subclass : Hypocreomycetidae
Family : Crustball relatives (Hypocreaceae)
Genre : Trichoderma
Type : Trichoderma viride
Scientific name
Trichoderma viride
Pers. , (1794)

Trichoderma viride is a hose fungus from the family of the crustball relatives . It is the anamorphic of Hypocrea rufa , the sexually reproductive stage of the fungus, which alsoproducestypical fruiting bodies . The fungus is used as a bio- fungicide used totreatseeds and soil to suppress various diseases caused by other fungi.

ecology

Trichoderma viride is a type of tubular fungus that asexually produces spores via mitosis . The mycelium of the species can produce a variety of enzymes, including cellulases and chitinases , which break down cellulose and chitin, respectively . The fungus can grow directly on wood, which consists primarily of cellulose, and also on fungi whose cell walls are made of chitin. T. viride parasitizes the mycelia and fruiting bodies of other fungi, including cultivated ones; due to the latter fact he is with "green mildew fungus" ( English green mold disease of mushrooms called). The infected mushrooms are deformed and impaired in their appearance, which reduces the yield. One strain of Trichoderma viride is responsible for the death of black pine ( Pinus nigra ) seedlings .

Taxonomy

The following synonyms are known:

  • Pyrenium lignorum deaths
  • Trichoderma lignorum (death) resin
  • Pyrenium lignorum var. Aureum death
  • Pyrenium lignorum var. Vulgare deaths
  • Pyreniopsis vulgaris ( Tode ) Kuntze
  • Sphaeria rufa Pers.
  • Hypocrea rufa (pers.) Fr.
  • Trichoderma viride Schumach.
  • Hypocrea rufa var. Sublateritia Sacc.
  • Hypocrea rufa var. Umbrina Sacc.
  • Hypocrea rufa var. Lateritia Sacc.
  • Hypocrea rufa subsp. sublateritia Sacc.
  • Hypocrea rufa subsp. lateritia Sacc.
  • Hypocrea rufa var. Discoidea Rehm
  • Hypocrea rufa var. Minor Z. Moravec
  • Trichoderma lignorum var. Major Mańka & Gierczak [as 'maior']
  • Hypocrea rufa f. sterilis Rifai & J. Webster
  • Trichoderma viride var. Kizhanense Krapiv.
  • Hypocrea rufa f. formosana Yoshim. Doi

use

The fungicidal potential makes T. viride a suitable means of biological pest control. Protection against pathogens such as Rhizoctonia , Pythium and even Armillaria has been demonstrated. The species occurs naturally in the soil and is effective as a seed dressing agent in the control of soil-borne pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani , Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium spp. to use. When introduced into the soil at the same time as the seeds, it colonizes the surface of the seeds and not only kills the pathogens found on the cuticle , but also protects the seeds from soil-borne diseases.

The closely related species Trichoderma reesei is used in the production of stonewashed jeans . The cellulase produced by this species partially attacks the fabric of the trousers, making it soft and giving them an appearance as if they had been washed with stones.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walter M. Jaklitsch, Gary J. Samuels, Sarah L. Dodd, Bing-Sheng Lu, Irina S. Druzhinina: Hypocrea rufa / Trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia . In: Studies in Mycology . 56, 2006, pp. 135-177.
  2. ↑ a b c Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for November 2004 . Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  3. ↑ MG Li Destri Nicosia, S. Mosca, R. Mercurio, L. Schena: dieback of Pinus nigra Seedlings Caused by a strain of Trichoderma viride . In: Plant Disease . 99, No. 1, 2015, pp. 44-49.
  4. ↑ Trichoderma viride Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 92 (1794) . In: Index Fungorum . Retrieved September 12, 2019: "GSD Species Synonymy"
  5. ↑ Trichoderma Viride 1% (2 X 106 cfu / gm. Minimum) . Neem Products. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  6. ↑ L. Heikinheimo, J. Buchert, A. Miettinen-Oinonen, P. Suominen: Treating Denim Fabrics with Trichoderma Reesei Cellulases . In: Textile Research Journal . 70, No. 11, 2000, pp. 969-973.

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