Trichodes leucopsideus
| Trichodes leucopsideus | ||||||||||||
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Trichodes leucopsideus on composites |
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| Trichodes leucopsideus | ||||||||||||
| ( Olivier , 1795) |
Trichodes leucopsideus is a beetle from the family of colored beetles thatlooks very similar tothe common bee beetle .
The genus Trichodes is represented in Europe with 26 species . The occurrence of the species Trichodes leucopsideus is limited to southwest Europe and parts of North Africa. The species is absent in German-speaking countries.
  
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| Fig.1,2,3: different views | |
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| Fig.4: Sensor |
Fig.5: Anterior tarsus arrowhead on 1st limb |
Notes on the name
The first description of the species was in 1795 by the French Olivier under the name Clerus leucopsideus . Usually, differences between the name of the first description and the current name can be explained by the fact that the genus into which the beetle was placed in the first description was later split up. With Trichodes leucopsideus, however, the genus Trichodes had already been established by Herbst in 1792 . To understand this special case, the history of the description of the bee beetle must be considered as a whole. At the time zero of the binomial nomenclature , Linnaeus described the common bee beetle as the 7th species of the genus Attelabus under the name Attelabus apiarius (and as the only other bee beetle the southeast European Attelabus sipylus ) in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae in 1758 . The description is not precise enough to decide whether it is Trichodes apiarius or Trichodes alvearius . It was immediately clear to the coleopterologists that the nine species that Linnaeus united in the genus Attelabus were not all closely related. Because of this, Fabricius separated the genus Clerus from Attelabus in 1775 and thereafter and placed them behind Attelabus . He also assigned species to Clerus , which Linnaeus is in the genus Dermestes . Fabricius only mentioned the bee beetle Clerus apiarius as the last species . The generic name Clerus was taken over by Fabricius von Geoffroy , who described the bee beetle as the first species of the genus Clerus as early as 1762 without using binary nomenclature - based on the drawing, probably Trichodes alvearius . Fabricius also unites different colored beetles under the genus Clerus , so that autumn 1792 establishes a new order Trichodes for the bee beetles and lists Trichodes apiarius as the first species of this genus. In France in particular, however, the generic name Trichodes is initially not accepted with reference to Geoffroy. In 1787 Fabricius expanded the genus Clerus to include three more species of bee beetles ( ammios , crabroniformis and octopunctatus ) and in 1792 he separated alvearius from apiarius . He notes with a question mark that alvearius may be a variant of apiarius . Olivier also retained the generic name Clerus for his newly described species leucopsideus in 1795 and placed leucopsideus after apiarius and alvearius .
To explain the name Clerus , Geoffroy writes that the ancients (i.e. ancient sources) used the name clairon ( French ) for an insect that is unknown today. Olivier, on the other hand, notes that the name κληρος Clerus goes back to Aristotle , who used it to describe a beetle larva that parasitizes in beehives and that is why the name was deliberately chosen by Geoffroy. The mention of κληρος by Aristotle is now available on the Internet. The species names apiārius ( Latin for the bee, ápis, living) and alveārius (Latin for the beehive, alveārium) refer to the larva. The current genus name Trichōdes (from ancient Greek τριχόδης "trichōdes" for "hairy") alludes to the distinct body hair of the beetles of the genus. The specific epithet leucopsideus (from ancient Greek λευκός "leukós" for "white, pale" and όψις "ópsis" for "appearance") means pale looking . From the first description it can be seen that the name refers to the color of the wing covers. This is called yellow, while it is described as red in the previous species apiarius and alvearius .
There are several synonyms that can be explained by descriptions of variants.
Description of the beetle
The ten to thirteen millimeter long body is elongated and somewhat flattened. It is blue-black to black and long hairs protruding. The puncturing of the head and pronotum is coarse, that of the elytra is dense.
The head is inclined downwards about 45 degrees to the body axis. The arched eyes are to the side. The eleven-segment antennae are characteristic of the genus. They are about as long as the breastplate. The base member is swollen and quite long. The following links are slender and conical. The antennae end with three conically enlarging links that form a compact, somewhat flattened lobe. The end link is trimmed at an angle and pulled out into a small point on the outside (Fig. 4). The feelers are turned to the side in front of the eyes. The color of the feelers varies. According to the first description, they are dark brown at the base and reddish yellow at the top. In the variation xanthoceros (blond horn, with light antennae) they are very reddish yellow. But they can also be completely dark. The upper lip is narrow, slightly outlined in front and covered with bristle hair. The curved upper jaws are very pointed and have a small tooth on the inside. The jaw probes are four-part with a very small base part and an elongated oval end part. The lip buttons are tripartite. The base link is barely visible, the end link is large and triangular ax-shaped. The lower jaw is chitinized at the base, the inner lobe is short and rounded, the outer lobe is long, heavily haired and also rounded.
The pronotum is longer than it is wide. It is significantly narrower than the wing-coverts, about as wide in front as the head, narrower at the base. A shiny plate is missing in the front area.
The basic color of the wing covers is yellow to orange-red. However, large areas are the same color as the body. This is usually the area around the label , a narrow strip along the wing- cover seam and the end of the wing- cover , as well as two wide, slightly wavy bands that are approximately perpendicular to the wing-cover seam and an isolated blemish on the shoulder. The front transverse ligament does not reach the outer edge of the wing cover. The elytra are less coarsely structured than in Trichodes hofferi , a ridge is missing on the front half of the wing.
The long tarsi are five-limbed, but the first limb can easily be overlooked from above (Fig. 5, arrowhead on the first limb). The hind legs are strongly thickened in the males.
biology
The beetle can be found from late spring to the end of summer, at higher altitudes a little later than on the plain. It visits an unusually wide range of flower species. The literature lists over 15 species from 10 families as plants whose flowers are preferred to be visited. The adults are often found on the yellow flowers of umbellifers , but often visit flowers of different colors. It is not yet clear to what extent the flower visit is related to the insect species in which the larvae develop. In any case, the beetles play a certain role in pollinating the flowers.
The larvae probably develop parasitically in the nests of various hymenoptera , especially the genus Osmia of mason bees . Ceratina callosa and Ceratina cyanea are also cited as hosts . It has been shown that the beetle was raised from branches of the winter linden and the common oak , but the knowledge about reproduction is incomplete.
distribution
The species is often found in Spain , Catalonia is given as home in the first description . The occurrence of the species in France is limited to the south. In Europe, the beetle is still known from Portugal and southern Italy including Sicily . There are finds from Morocco and Tunisia from North Africa . A report from the Upper Rhine Graben is classified as imported or a location swap.
literature
- Manfred Niehuis: The beetles in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland Society for Nature Conservation and Ornithology Rhineland-Palatinate eV (GNOR) 2013 ISBN 978-3-9807669-7-5 p. 401 ff
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Trichodes leucopsideus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 13, 2014
- ^ Trichodes at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 13, 2014
- ↑ a b Distribution map of Fauna Europaea Distribution of the species in Europe ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d M. Olivier Histoire naturelle des insectes, Coléoptères 4th vol. Paris 1795 Species description p. 8, 6th species of the genus No. 76 and explanation of the genus name
- ↑ JFW Herbst: Natural system of all known domestic and foreign insects Berlin 1792, p. 154 preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Carulus Linnaeus: Systema Naturae Tom. 1, 10th edition Holmia (Stockholm) 1758 p. 392: 388
- ↑ Joh. Chris. Fabricius: Systema Entomogiae Flensburg, Leipzig 1775 p. 157
- ↑ Joh. Chris. Fabricius: Species Insectorum Tom. 1, Hamburg and Kiel 1781 p. 201
- ↑ a b EL Geoffroy: Histoire abregée des insectes, qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris Paris 1762 Species description p. 304 and drawing panel V, Fig. 4
- ↑ WF Erichson (et al.): Natural history of the insects of Germany 1st department, Volume IV, sheet 1–11 Berlin 1857, p. 687 and p. 684
- ↑ Joh. Chris. Fabricius: Mantissa insectorum Volume 1 Copenhagen (Hafnia) 1787 new Trichodes species p. 126
- ↑ Trichodes alvearius in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 15, 2014
- ↑ Joh. Chris. Fabricius: Entomologiae systematicae, emmendatae et auctae Volume 1 Part 1, Copenhagen (Hafnia) 1792 Species description p. 209 No. 15 , name explanation p. 303
- ↑ Aristotle: Historia Animalium (ΠΕΡΙ ΤΑ ΖΩΙΑ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝ) 9th book, section 40; Line 45 Preview in Google Book Search
- ↑ a b Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) in detail in the 2nd edition 1922 .
- ↑ a b c Manfred Niehuis: The beetles in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland Society for Nature Conservation and Ornithology Rhineland-Palatinate eV (GNOR) 2013 ISBN 978-3-9807669-7-5 p. 401 ff
- ^ Coleo-net, Table for Trichodes
- ↑ K. Escherich: "To the knowledge of the genus Trichodes Herbst" in negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna Volume 43 (1893) Species description p. 168
- ^ De Castelnau: Histoire Naturelle des Insectes - Coléoptères Tom.1, Paris 1840 p. 201
- ↑ Klug: Attempt to systematically identify and analyze the genera and species of the Clerii, a family of insects from the genus Coleopter Read in the Academy of Sciences 1837, with later additions, published in treatises of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin Berlin 1842 p. 337 P. 83, 12. Species of the genus Trichodes
- ^ Archive for Natural History, Volume 37, Volume 2 Berlin 1871 Preview in Google book search
