Tepuiza un king

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Tepuiza un king
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.128692 2 - Troglodytes rufulus subsp. - Troglodytidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg

Tepuiza un king ( Troglodytes rufulus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Troglodytes
Type : Tepuiza un king
Scientific name
Troglodytes rufulus
Cabanis , 1849

The Tepuizaunkönig ( Troglodytes rufulus ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) that in Venezuela , Guyana and Brazil is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The Tepuizaunig reaches a body length of about 11.5 to 12.0 cm with a weight of about 13.0 to 18.0 g. He has gray reins . The ocher-colored to brown-yellow eye stripe turns dark brown in the back of the eyes. The top of the head and the upper side have no markings and are maroon brown, a little more reddish in color on the back and the rump . The hand and arm wings have indistinct reddish-brown stripes and blackish-brown on the outer flags. The throat and chest are ocher-yellow-brown to reddish-brown on the sides, the flanks and the rear abdomen. The rump is yellow-brown-brown with dark brown stripes. The eyes are dark brown, the beak black with a silver base on the lower mandible and medium gray legs. Both sexes are similar. Young animals are darker with a scaly underside.

Behavior and nutrition

No data are available on the diet of the Tepuiza un king. It spends most of its time searching for food in the vegetation of the very low strata , as well as on the ground.

Vocalizations

The singing of the Tepuizaun King consists of a high, thin series of trills that sometimes last a few seconds, but are then again separated into different phrases.

Reproduction

No data are available on the breeding biology of the Tepuiza un king.

distribution and habitat

The Tepuizaun king prefers the humid forests of the Tepui Mountains. It also occurs on the edges of forests and bush landscapes. It moves at altitudes of 1000 to 2800 meters, but mostly between 1600 and 2400 meters.

migration

The Tepuiza un king is considered a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are six known subspecies.

  • Troglodytes rufulus rufulus Cabanis , 1849 occurs in the area around the Roraima-Tepui in eastern Venezuela, western Guyana and the extreme north of Brazil.
  • Troglodytes rufulus fulvigularis Zimmer, JT & Phelps , 1945 is common in southeastern Bolivar . The subspecies is darker with less reddish tones than the nominate form.
  • Troglodytes rufulus yavii Phelps & Phelps Jr , 1949 occurs in the northern Amazon . The subspecies is whiter on the underside.
  • Troglodytes rufulus duidae Chapman , 1929 is common in the central Amazon and southern Bolivar. The subspecies has a whitish underside and more pronounced bands on the tail.
  • Troglodytes rufulus wetmorei Phelps & Phelps Jr , 1955 is widespread in the southern Amazon and possibly in northern Brazil. The subspecies resembles the nominate form but the middle of the underside is gray.
  • Troglodytes rufulus marahuacae Phelps Jr & Aveledo , 1984 occurs in Central Amazonia . The subspecies is similar to T. r. wetmorei , but is smaller and has a very gray belly.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the Tepuiza un king was in 1849 by Jean Louis Cabanis under the scientific name Troglodytes rufulus . The type specimen was collected by Moritz Richard Schomburgk in the Roraima Mountains. As early as 1809, Louis Pierre Vieillot introduced the genus Troglodytes, which was new to science . This name is derived from "trōglē, trōgō κτρωγλη, τρωγω " for "cave, gnaw" and "-dutēs, duō -δυτης, δυω " for "diving, immersing". The species name »rufulus« is the Latin word for »reddish«. "Fulvigularis" is a Latin combination of "fulvus" for "yellow-brown" and "gularis, gula" for "throaty, throat". “Yavii” refers to Mount Yaví , “duidae” to Mount Duida and “marahuacae” to Mount Marahuaca . "Wetmorei" is a dedication in honor of Alexander Wetmore .

literature

  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Travels in British Guiana in the years 1840-1844: together with a fauna and flora of Guiana based on models by Johannes Müller, Ehrenberg, Erichson, Klotzsch, Troschel, Cabanis and others . tape 3 . JJ Weber, Leipzig 1849 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frank Michler Chapman : Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela . In: American Museum novitates . No. 380 , 1929, pp. 1–27 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ]).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Tepui Wren (Troglodytes rufulus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • William Henry Phelps, William Henry Phelps, Jr .: Eleven new subspecies of birds from Venezuela . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 62 , June 20, 1949, pp. 109-124 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Henry Phelps, William Henry Phelps, Jr .: Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 68 , October 31, 1955, pp. 113-123 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Henry Phelps, Jr., Ramón Aveledo Hostos: Dos nuevas subespecies de aves (Troglodytidae, Fringillidae) del Cerro Marahuaca, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela . In: Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales . tape 39 , no. 142 , 1984, pp. 5-10 .
  • Louis Pierre Vieillot: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois . 2 (delivery 18). Chez Desray, Paris 1809 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1807-1809).
  • John Todd Zimmer, William Henry Phelps: New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela. 2. In: American Museum novitates . No. 1274 , January 25, 1945, p. 1–9 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).

Web links

Commons : Tepuiza un king ( Troglodytes rufulus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ a b Jean Louis Cabanis (1849), p. 672.
  4. ↑ John Todd Zimmer et al. a. (1945), p. 6.
  5. ↑ a b William Henry Phelps u. a. (1949), pp. 118-119.
  6. ↑ a b Frank Michler Chapman (1929), p. 22.
  7. ↑ a b William Henry Phelps u. a. (1955), pp. 118-119.
  8. ↑ a b William Henry Phelps Jr. u. a. (1984), p. 6.
  9. ↑ Louis Pierre Vieillot (1809), pp. 52–56.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 391.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 343.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 166.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Vieillot categorized the house wren ( Troglodytes aedon ) and the reed warbler ( Acrocephalus arundinaceus ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. P. 157.