Trokmer
The Trokmer (Gr. Trokmoi , Latin. Trocmi ) were one of the three Celtic tribes in Asia Minor that belonged to the Galatians . The other two tribes were the Tolistobogier (also Tolistoagier) and the Tectosages .
history
279/78 BC During the Celtic migration to the south , the Trokmer under Lutarios moved with Tolistobogians and Tectosages through Thrace . Their destination was the region around Byzantium (Byzantium, Constantinople ), where the Celts first settled. 275 BC They were brought to Bithynia by Nicomedes I as mercenaries to support him in the fight against his brother Zipoites and to secure the throne for him. Soon they became self-employed and plundered through the country, including Didyma near Miletus . In the so-called " Elephant Battle " in 275, 268 or 267 BC The Galatians were defeated by Antiochus I and were given residential areas on both sides of the Halys . The Trokmer inhabited the area around Tavium . 189 BC They were together with the tectosages and other allies of the Seleucid king Antiochus III. Defeated by the Roman consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso on Mount Magaba .
Tribal division
The Trokmer divided into four subdivisions ( tetrarchies ) under the leadership of a tetrarch. Together with the tetrarchies of the Tolistobogier and tectosages, which are also structured, they formed the koinòn Galáton ("Galatian League", later called Galatia ), which, in addition to the twelve tetrarchs, was also led by a council of 300 men. The place of assembly was the drunemeton , the “sacred grove” that cannot be precisely located. A judge ( dikastés ) and a general with two subordinates were appointed by this assembly .
These twelve tetrarchs were later replaced by three rulers. So ruled 65/64 BC Brogitaros was recognized by Pompeius only over the Trokmer, until finally under his father-in-law, the Tolistobogier Deiotaros Philorhomaios ("Deiotaros Roman friend"), a de facto sole rule of a king over all Galatians arose.
literature
- Helmut Birkhan : Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-7001-2609-3 .
- Bernhard Maier : Lexicon of Celtic Religion and Culture (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 466). Kröner, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-520-46601-5 , p. 320.
- Susanne Sievers / Otto H. Urban / Peter C. Ramsl (ed.): Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A – K and L – Z. (= Communications of the prehistoric commission vol. 73) Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 .
- Karl Strobel : The Galatians. Vol. 1: Studies on the history and historical geography of Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-05-002543-3 .
- Karl Strobel: Trokmoi. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 12/1, Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01482-7 , Sp. 871.