Tscherper

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small ornamental cutter
large decorative cutter
Obersteiger of the Frohnau Mountain Brotherhood with Tzscherpertasche

A Tscherper , also Tzscherper , is a fixed professional knife of the Erzgebirge and Upper Harz miners . It showed - worn in habit - the mining status of its wearer. Häuer wore one, double-hewn two Tscherper. Tscherper were first used in ore mining in the Ore Mountains.

etymology

The term Tscherper comes from Slavonic. The Tscherper could be found on both sides of the Erzgebirge ridge. However, there is no evidence of an origin from Czech, as there is no corresponding word there. "TSCHERPER, [...] m., Miner's knife; [...] since the 15th century attested, throughout with initial affricata : fixorium, cultellus a czerper […] affricata also show the few dialectives. testimonies. ”( German dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, Volume 22, columns 1441 - 1446)

Word forms

Affricata: Grubentzscherper, Grubentscherper, Tscherper, Tšeerpür, Zscherper, Zschärper, Zschärer, "a Scherber" (also Tscherpermesser).

Upper German: “the obd. Certificates usually show a different initial text and also a more far-reaching meaning ”( German dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, Volume 22, columns 1441 - 1446): Scherperschmid, Waffen- und Scherpenschmid; Scherper ("strong knife for splitting small blocks of wood", "pocket knife"), Mondscherper ("a knife with three crescent marks"). Again with Affricata: Tscherpmesser ("bad, worn knife").

construction

A Tscherper was a very simple knife with a short, straight, strong sheep's foot blade . In the case of work clippers, the handle was usually made of simple wood, in the case of representative clippers that were worn with parade robes, mostly of horn or even ivory with inlays.

use

As a universal tool, the Tscherper knife always had to be carried in the side pocket on the trousers or next to the pocket on the belt. The Tscherper was primarily used to cut the helmets of the iron. With the Tscherper, the room in the pit (this included stamps , yokes, strokes, spreading, etc.) was examined to find out whether it was still stable or had already suffered from rot.

Every miner had the duty to repair broken or damaged rungs in the wooden drives immediately. The ordinance of the Mining Authority in Clausthal (1850) says: “... Since not every miner wields an ax or beard , however, without exception, every miner who drives in has to provide himself with his Tzscherper in a good sheath, so that if he is currently deprived of an ax or one With the help of this knife, Barte was able to pull in a rung. ”Tscherper: Beyer Otia met 2., 65 .: - Scherber: Every worker is instructed to have a good lighter and a Scherber with him. Older Clausthal mountain police regulation.

In the earlier years it served the miner as a tool and cutlery with which he ate his bread "over the thumb". With this he cut, as it happened, cordage, room and also his meals during the breaks.

The Tscherper also served as a means of signaling, in that the people who remained above ground beat the journeys with it, which was audible right up to the site, especially in the older, small mines.

In the 12 books from the mine by Georgius Agricola all former tools of the miners are described and illustrated. However, the Tscherper is missing, who was probably not known to him.

reception

... (come out) my zschärper, sharp and good,
you cut bread and iron helmet,
but also in enemy blood
 Moritz Döring : Sächsische Bergreyhen , Freiberg 1839, vol. 1, p. 92.

  1. ↑ brod: bread
  2. ↑ iron helmet : the helmet (handle) of the recovery iron

Cherperess

The Tscherperessen is a regional Harz mining tradition.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gottfried Junghans: Ausgeklaubte Gräublein Ertz . This is collected Bergleufftige words and ways of speaking / explained by Gottfried Junghansen. Zacharias Becker, Freiberg 1680 ( Grubentzscherper , Tzscherper ).
  2. ↑ a b Herttwig: Bergbau , 1710, p. 397a (after Grimm: Tscherper )
  3. ^ A b c Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence . Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871, p. 506 ("Tzscherper, a knife that the miners carry with them: Tzscherper or Gruben-Tzscherper is a large knife that the miners carry along with their pocket. Is used to bribe the room in the pit. Note next to Tzscherper also Zscherper: Körner 31.:–Zschärper: carving of iron helmets, a business that occurred very often in the earlier use of mallet and iron work, is likely to have been a main purpose of the so-called Zschärpers, a small, wide knife that is attached to the light pocket still attaches now, especially with the Freiberg miner the status of the house - two Zschärper denotes the double house. Gätzschmann 1., 224 ").
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h GRIMM, Tscherper . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . 16 volumes in 32 sub-volumes, 1854–1960. S. Hirzel, Leipzig ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  5. ^ Johann Christoph Adelung: Tscherper, the . In: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect . tape 4 . Breitkopf, Leipzig 1801 ( zeno.org - “Der Tschêrper,… a word used only by the Upper Saxon miners to denote a large knife… The hard hissing sound, which is unusual for the Germans, shows that this word belongs at home in one of the Slavic dialects , since it is presumably a remnant of the former Wends in Upper Saxony ... ”(Adelung 1801)).
  6. ↑ Christian Lehmann : Natur-Chronik, published as: Historical scene of their natural curiosities in the Meißnischen Ober-Ertzgebirge, Leipzig 1699, 1747 already a reprint appeared without author 's indication ( detailed description of the Meißnischen Ober-Ertzgebürges with 1005 pages), reprint edition Stuttgart 1988, New title among other things (Erzgebirgsannalen Des 17. Century. From storms. Animals in the forest and house. Curiosities. Pestilences and spookies. Verlag-Anstalt Union. Berlin. 1991.). The only one of his works that went completely to press. ( Digitized version ) p. 81
  7. ^ Adolph Beyer: Otia Metallica or Mining Secondary Hours . in it various treatises of mountain things, from which stories, mountain rights, nature doctrine and other sciences as well as several old mining clock customers are included. tape 22 . Fulden, Schneeberg 1758, p. 65 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Frommann: German maa. , Vol. 6, p. 175 (for the north and south side of the Ore Mountains, after Grimm: Tscherper )
  9. ↑ (Zwickauer Mundart) In: Summary for German dialects, 1909, p. 355, (after Grimm: Tscherper )
  10. ↑ Georg Körner : Philological-historical treatise from the antiquity of the Bohemian mine , 1758. ( digitized version ), p. 31
  11. ↑ Moritz Doering: Saxon Traditionals . tape 1 . Freiberg 1839, p. 92 ( limited preview ).
  12. ↑ Petrus Albinus : Newe Meysnische Chronica , 1580, p. 542, after: German dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, Volume 22, columns 1441-1446
  13. ↑ In: Clausthaler Bergpolizeiverordnung from 1869, quoted from: Summary for Bergrecht 10, p. 485, (based on Grimm: Tscherper )
  14. ↑ (vj 1568) at SCHMELLER-FR. 2, 470, (after Grimm: Tscherper )
  15. ↑ (vj 1653) ibid, (after Grimm: Tscherper )
  16. ↑ Sschoepf: Tirol , p 603, (according to Grimm: Tscherper )
  17. ↑ Bacher: Lusern , p. 409, (after Grimm: Tscherper )
  18. ↑ Blade shapes. Sheepfoot blade. In: messer-portal.com. Retrieved July 14, 2015 .
  19. ↑ Wolfgang Suess: Tscherper. miner's knife. In: lindenholz.homepage.t-online.de. January 2015, accessed July 14, 2015 .
  20. ↑ a b anonymous: Mining dictionary . it shows the German names and idioms and at the same time the Latin and French used by writers. Ed .: Johann Christoph Stößel. Chemnitz 1778, p. 567 ("Tzscherper, a short knife with a strong blade, of which Bergman has two, one of which is a little larger than the other, next to his pocket, to prepare the helmets of the irons in the pit so that they can pierce the carpentry to see whether it is still fresh or dry, and to do different things with it ”.).
  21. ↑ "... the woman immediately gives a sign, which is common among the cologne and welders, that they strike a piece of wood with a knife or a large knife ..." ( Petrus Albinus : Newe Meysnische Chronica , 1580, p. 542, based on: Deutsches Dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, Volume 22, Columns 1441–1446)