Tuwana
Tuwana ( Assyrian Tuḫana ) was an Iron Age Luwian kingdom in southern Anatolia . It is counted among the late Hittite minor kingdoms .
Tuwana roughly covers the area of the later ancient landscape of Tyanitis . The name comes from the earlier city of Tuwanuwa in the Lower Land of the Hittite Empire in the 2nd millennium BC. Near today's Kemerhisar in the Turkish province of Niğde . The capital of Tuwana is also believed to be there. In the south, the empire extended to the Cilician Gate and the Qu'e area . In the north was the Tabal region , which Tuwana is sometimes assigned to. The settlement hill Kınık Höyük in the south of the Altunhisar district , about 20 kilometers northwest of Kemerhisar, is also attributed to Tuwana.
In the second half of the 8th century BC Reigned in Tuwana King Warpalawa II , son of Muwaharani I. At the time Tabal and Tuwana were the Assyrian Empire with King Tiglat Pileser III. tribute. At the same time, there was a strong influence of the western empire of the Muški with King Mita, generally equated with the Phrygians under King Midas . The Phrygian influence emerges from two ancient Phrygian inscriptions that were found in Kemerhisar, as well as bronze finds clearly of Phrygian origin in a tumulus near Kaynarca, seven kilometers northeast of Tyana. In a letter from Sargon II from 715 BC It is described that King Mita of Muški sent emissaries to the Assyrian governor in Qu'e Ašur-Šarru-Usur and asked for an exchange of ambassadors. The ambassadors accompanying Warpalawa II (Assyrian Urballa) are described there as messengers of a client king of Mita. On the other hand, from a report by the Ašur-Šarru-Usur to Sargon II, it emerges that this 713 BC. BC Warpalawas subordinated parts of Bit Burutaš , part of Tabal, after its king Ambaris was deposed and deported to Assyria. A stele of Tarhunza with Phoenician bilingualism , which was found in 1986 in İvriz , shows that the oriental, northern Syrian-Aramaic culture also had an influence on the area. The stele of Niğde , which Warpalawa's son Muwaharani II had erected, clearly shows Assyrian models. From the following period, in which both the Phrygian Empire and the eastern part of Urartu suffered from the invasions of the Cimmerians in Anatolia, there are no more testimonies about Tuwana.
Ruler
List after Trevor R. Bryce and Christian Marek :
- Warpalawa I. early 8th century
- Saruwani 1st half of the 8th century
- Muwaharani I. ca.740
- Warpalawa II. Approx. 740 to 705
- Muwaharani II at the end of the 8th century
literature
- Dietrich Berges : The early history of Tyanas. In: Dietrich Berges, Johannes Nollé : Tyana. Archaeological-historical research on southwestern Cappadocia . Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-7749-2959-9 , pp. 465-475.
- Tuwana. In: Trevor Bryce : The Routledge Handbook of The People and Places of Ancient Western Asia. The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persians Empire. Routledge, Abingdon 2009, ISBN 978-1-134-15908-6 , p. 726 ( on GoogleBooks ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Trevor Bryce : The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 148-152, p. 307.
- ^ Christian Marek, Peter Frei: History of Asia Minor in antiquity . Munich 2010, p. 802.