UAZ-450

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UAZ
A UAZ-450A in the manufacturer's museum (2014)
A UAZ-450A in the manufacturer's museum (2014)
UAZ-450
Manufacturer: Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Zavod
Sales designation: УАЗ-450
Production period: 1958-1965 / 66
Previous model: none
Successor: UAZ-451
UAZ-452
Technical specifications
Designs: Minibus , pickup truck , ambulance , box van
Engines: R4 petrol engine
Power: 46 kW
Payload: 0.8 t
Perm. Total weight: 2.65 t

The UAZ-450 ( Russian УАЗ-450 ) is a small transporter with all-wheel drive from the Soviet manufacturer Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Sawod (UAZ for short) from Ulyanovsk . The vehicle is based on the chassis of the GAZ-69 off-road vehicle and was built in series from 1958 to 1965/66. A total of around 55,000 copies were made before the model was replaced by the UAZ-452 , which is still in production today. The UAZ-450, like its successor, was the basis for various different vehicles and the manufacturer's first self-developed series vehicle.

Vehicle history

UAZ-450 as a closed panel van in Kiev (1965)

The development of the UAZ-450 began in 1954. The aim was to create an all-terrain van that could be used for various areas of application. Two different approaches were followed. Both variants were based on the idea of ​​using the GAZ-69 off-road vehicle, which was already in series production, as a basis. However, different designs were developed for the body. The approach was to use the off-road vehicle as much as possible and to keep the existing body up to the B-pillar. The other variant was a completely redesigned front control arm . This design was new for Soviet standards, it was also the first small van from Soviet production and the vehicle model that the Uljanowski Avtomobilny Sawod had designed itself and that was also approved for series production.

The frame and all essential add-on parts of the GAZ-69 were adopted as the chassis, including the engine and transmission. The four-cylinder gasoline engine, however, was bored out from 82 to 88 mm cylinder diameter and developed 62 hp (46 kW). The manual transmission has three forward gears and one reverse gear, only the second and third gears are synchronized. The Moscow vehicle institute NAMI participated in the design of the front axle and confirmed that the planned payload of 800 kg was technically possible. The engine was relocated to the interior between the driver and passenger seats. In addition, the future series structures of the vehicle were determined in the planning phase and prototypes were developed: one model as an ambulance , one as a closed box van , one as a minibus and one model as a flatbed truck .

In the fall of 1957, the prototypes were used for road and terrain testing. The test drives were extended to Kazakhstan and the Russian cold spot , Oimjakon . In addition, the Karakoram was crossed and tests were carried out in the Pamir . Production began with a slight delay in April 1958. Compared to the first prototypes, the series vehicles were given a new radiator grille and modified body lines. By the end of 1958, the production capacity of the Ulyanovsk plant had been increased to such an extent that 4,000 of the vans could be manufactured per year. Before 1960, the vehicles had a split windshield, then a one-piece. Until 1964, parts of the body were still made from plywood panels , only then was the all-metal construction used. Series production of most of the model variants ran until 1965, the UAZ-450A ambulance was built until 1966. A total of 55,319 vehicles of all model variants were built before production was finally switched to the successor UAZ-452 . Since 1961, the UAZ-451 has also been used to build vehicles that only have rear-wheel drive. They have features of the UAZ-450, and later the successor generation.

The UAZ-450 is a very simply constructed vehicle. It gets by with 1026 components and assemblies, 491 of which are on the chassis and 535 on the body. In a modern automobile, the number is about 5000 to 7000.

Already in testing UAZ-450 received by the workers nicknamed Buchanka (Russian Буханка), inspired by the typical Russian tin bread .

Model variants

There were different versions of the UAZ-450, which differed mainly in terms of equipment and structure.

  • UAZ-450 - basic version as a closed panel van, built from April 1958 to December 1965.
  • UAZ-450A - version as an ambulance. Especially built for the Soviet Army, but also exported in small numbers to Syria , Indonesia and Albania . Built from 1958 to 1966, it was also the last model in the UAZ 450 family to be withdrawn from production.
  • UAZ-450B - minibus with windows and special interior equipment. The minibus was intended as a staff vehicle for senior officers of the Soviet Army and contained a table, a radio, two folding beds and a steel cupboard. Originally only a prototype was built, later a few examples were built for the army based on the UAZ-450 and the UAZ-450A.
  • UAZ-450W - minibus with 8 + 1 seats, glazed all around. Built from 1958 to 1965, the successor was the UAZ-452W.
  • UAZ-450D - platform truck for 800 kg payload, built from 1958 to 1965.
  • UAZ-450I - prototype of a hot food delivery truck to serve field workers. The vehicle was built in 1963 and then handed over to the client, a state collective farm , together with the documentation .
  • UAZ-450IO-1 and UAZ-450IO-2 - prototypes for agricultural use.
  • UAZ-450P - prototype of a tractor unit with a matching UAZ-752 trailer.
  • UAZ-450EM - Electric vehicle developed on the basis of the UAZ-450 and UAZ-450A. Manufactured from 1959, it was used in particular at airports. UAZ also built such vehicles based on later models.

Technical specifications

For the series vehicles of the type UAZ-450D (flatbed truck), unless otherwise indicated.

  • Engine: water-cooled four-cylinder in-line petrol engine , four-stroke
  • Engine type: "UAZ-450"
  • Power: 62 HP (46 kW) at 3800 min -1
  • Valve control: side valve
  • Mixture preparation: carburettor, type K-22Sch
  • Displacement: 2430 cm³
  • Bore: 88.0 mm
  • Stroke: 100.0 mm
  • maximum torque: 149 Nm at 2000 min -1
  • Firing order: 1–2–4–3
  • Compression: 6.6: 1
  • Fuel: gasoline, at least 72  octane
  • Tank capacity: 56 l
  • Clutch: single-plate dry clutch
  • Gearbox: mechanical three-speed gearbox with reverse gear, 2nd and 3rd gear synchronized
  • Reduction gear: mechanical, two-stage
  • Top speed: 90 km / h
  • On-board voltage: 12 V.
  • Alternator: 12 V, 18 A
  • Starter: Type ST20, 1.2 HP power
  • Drive formula : 4 × 4

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 4405 mm
  • Width: 2040 mm
  • Height: 2070 mm
  • Wheelbase: 2300 mm
  • Front and rear track: 1436 mm
  • Loading sill height: 1080 mm
  • Dimensions of the platform (inside, L × W × H): 2600 × 1870 × 420 mm
  • Ground clearance: 220 mm
  • Turning circle: 13.8 m
  • Tire size: 8.40–15 ″
  • Empty weight: 1700 kg
  • Payload: 800 kg (flatbed) or 750 kg (as a panel van) + 150 kg each (in the driver's cab)
  • permissible total weight: 2650 kg
  • Front axle load: 1210 kg
  • Rear axle load: 1440 kg
  • Trailer load: 850 kg

literature

  • Ralf Kunkel: GDR truck type compass. Imports from the USSR . Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03799-1 .
  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР . Second part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1994, ISBN 5-87483-006-5 .
  • Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). Transport Publishing House, 6th edition, Moscow 1971.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e website with a detailed history of the vehicle (Russian)
  2. a b c Information on the UAZ-450 on denisoviet.ru (Russian)
  3. a b Overview of all vehicles produced by UAZ with further information on the individual models (Russian)
  4. a b Manufacturer's website on the 60th anniversary of the start of production (Russian)
  5. Website with historical photography for the UAZ-450P (Russian)
  6. Manufacturer website for the history of UAZ electric vehicles (Russian)
  7. ^ Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 221 ff.

Web links

Commons : UAZ-450  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files