UAZ-451
| UAZ | |
|---|---|
 A UAZ-451DM in Germany (2012)
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| UAZ-451 | |
| Manufacturer: | Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Zavod |
| Sales designation: | УАЗ-451 |
| Production period: | 1961-1982 / 85 |
| Previous model: | UAZ-450 |
| Successor: | UAZ-452 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Designs: | Flatbed trucks , box trucks |
| Engines: | R4 petrol engine |
| Power: | 51 kW |
| Payload: | 0.8-1 t |
| Perm. Total weight: | 2.45-2.66 t |
The UAZ-451 ( Russian УАЗ-451 ) is a pickup truck made by the Soviet manufacturer Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Sawod (UAZ for short) from Ulyanovsk . The vehicle was developed from the UAZ-450 at the end of the 1950s and initially differed only in the lack of all-wheel drive. Series production began in 1961 and ended, with the exception of a few special vehicles, in 1982. During this period, around 83,500 copies were made before the model was discontinued without replacement. The UAZ-451 was the basis for various model variants and the manufacturer's second self-developed series vehicle. Unlike the all-wheel drive model, however, there were no minibuses or ambulances from the factory .
Vehicle history
In 1958, around the time series production of the UAZ-450 began, a new development order was received at the manufacturing plant in Ulyanovsk. This was formulated very vaguely and essentially comprised the development of a small van based on the model of the UAZ-450 with a payload of 1 to 1.1 tons, which was only to have rear-wheel drive . In fact, the design of the UAZ-450 turned out to be less than favorable. The front axle was always heavily loaded by the engine above, especially without a large load on the rear axle, the driving behavior was rather poor. The frame of the off-road vehicle GAZ-69 , which had been adopted for the delivery van, was not very suitable for the construction. The decision to develop a new vehicle frame was made early on. In 1958, two prototypes based on the UAZ-450 were built, one with front-wheel drive and one with rear-wheel drive. However, the weight distribution was still poor on both models and they were not approved for production.
New prototypes were produced up to 1959, which then went into testing. The problem of weight distribution was largely resolved. In addition, the vehicle was standardized with the UAZ-450 as much as possible in order to be able to fall back on as many series parts as possible from the vehicle that was already in production. The first UAZ-451 series vehicles were manufactured in 1961 and still received the body, three-speed gearbox and engine of the UAZ-450. In 1962/63 the logo of the vehicles was changed to the version still used today.
When the UAZ-450 was replaced by the UAZ-452 in 1965, the UAZ-451 was also redesigned. Both vehicles have been visually matched. In addition, the manual transmission with three gears was replaced by one with four gears. The engine was also replaced. The drilled out four-cylinder from the GAZ-69 was replaced by a slightly modified Volga engine like the one used in the GAZ-M21 Volga . It made 70 instead of the previous 62 hp with almost the same displacement of 2.4 liters. Compared to the engine from the passenger car, there were modifications to the oil pan , the rocker arms and the thermostat . The engine was sometimes referred to as "UAZ-451", but later renamed "UMZ-451". UMZ stands for the Uljanowski Motorny Sawod , which manufactured the engines from 1969. In the course of the revision, the payload of the flatbed version increased from 800 to 1000 kg and the vehicle designations were extended by an M for modernized (UAZ-451M, UAZ-451DM, etc.).
In 1971 the engine was revised and from then on it was called UMZ-451M. It now developed 75 HP (55 kW) and was used almost identically in the UAZ-469 . During the production time, minor improvements were made again and again. The cars received larger rear-view mirrors, and in 1979 the lighting system and shock absorbers were revised. The modernization of the production facilities should have taken place in the mid-1970s, but has been delayed again and again. Some late copies of the UAZ-451DM were still delivered with 78 hp UMZ-414 engines. In 1982 the production of all series vehicles was stopped and from this point on only the UAZ-452 with all-wheel drive was built. A total of 83,449 UAZ-451 of all modifications rolled off the production lines. Up until 1985, a plant in Moscow produced the UAZ-3801, an electric vehicle based on the UAZ-451, of which only 65 were made.
Due to the short driver's cab, all variants with a flatbed had the problem that the fourth cylinder was very difficult to reach for maintenance because it was partly under the rear wall of the cab. The designers noticed the problem too late, so the car was put into series production. There was no revision in this detail until the end of production in 1982.
Model variants
There were different versions of the UAZ-450, which differed mainly in terms of equipment and structure.
- UAZ-451 - basic version as a closed panel van, built from 1961 to 1965/66.
- UAZ-451A - prototype of an ambulance, built in 1960. Since the Soviet Army was not interested in a vehicle without four-wheel drive and the RAF-977 from the Riga bus factory was available in the civilian sector , this model was never mass-produced .
- UAZ-451W - prototype of a minibus with 8 + 1 seats, glazed all around. Built in 1958 and tested until 1961, but never put into series production for the same reasons as the UAZ-451A.
- UAZ-451D - platform truck for 800 kg payload, built from 1961 to 1966.
- UAZ-451S - prototype of a snowmobile with the body of the UAZ-451D. The rear wheels were replaced with rubber tracks and the front wheels with skis. The project started in 1960, tests were carried out in 1963 and 1966. Never built in series.
- UAZ-461D - prototype for 1200 or 1500 kg payload. The aim was to close the gap to the larger GAZ-52 . Since the entire construction would have had to be revised, the project was abandoned in the early 1960s. Probably not even a prototype was made.
- UAZ-451M - revised and mass -produced vans with closed box from 1965. The drive train was revised, a new engine installed (identical to that of the GAZ-M21 Volga ) and the body standardized with the UAZ-452 . Built until the end of production in 1982.
- UAZ-451DM - Revised flatbed truck, the changes correspond to those on the UAZ-451M.
- UAZ-451S2 - Modernized snowmobile, built in 1968, never in production.
- UAZ-451MI - electric vehicle with a nominal power of 15 kW, built in 1974 at a plant in Moscow. In 1979 about 2500 km of test drive were undertaken, there was no series production. Five prototypes were built. The findings from this flowed into the construction of the UAZ-3801.
- UAZ-3304 - The third overall attempt by UAZ to develop a model with a higher payload. In 1976, on instructions, work on a delivery van with a payload of 1200 kg was resumed. Both front-wheel and rear-wheel drive models were developed, and there was never any series production. The Brjanski Avtomobilny Sawod later took up the plans again, but the collapse of the Soviet Union prevented large-scale production there.
- UAZ-3801 - Last electric vehicle based on the UAZ-451, built in Moscow from 1980 to 1985. A total of 65 units were manufactured and operated until 1987. Today one vehicle is preserved in a museum.
Based on the UAZ-451, the Luzki Maschinostroitelny Sawod (German Luzker Maschinenbauwerk) built the LuMZ-946 , a refrigerated truck with a 375 kg payload, from 1965 . From 1966 the vehicle was based on the revised UAZ-451M, the payload was increased to 575 kg. The refrigerator cars were produced until at least 1971 and were designed for a temperature range of −2 to +4 ° C.
Technical specifications
For the series vehicles of type UAZ-451D (flatbed truck) of the first generation, but already with a new engine, unless otherwise indicated.
- Engine: four-stroke R4 petrol engine , water-cooled
- Motor type: "ZMZ-451"
- Power: 70 HP (51 kW) at 4000 min -1
- Valve control: hanging valves
- Mixture preparation: Carburettor, type K-22I
- Displacement: 2445 cm³
- Bore: 92.0 mm
- Stroke: 92.0 mm
- maximum torque: 167 Nm at 2000 min -1
- Firing order: 1–2–4–3
- Compression: 6.7: 1
- Fuel: gasoline, at least 72 octane
- Tank capacity: 56 l
- Fuel consumption: 12.0 l at 40 km / h
- Clutch: single-plate dry clutch
- Transmission: mechanical four-speed gearbox with reverse gear
- Top speed: 95 km / h
- On-board voltage: 12 V.
- Alternator: type G12, 20 A, 250 W.
- Starter: Type 6-ST-54
- Drive formula : 4 × 2
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 4460 mm
- Width: 2044 mm
- Height: 2020 mm
- Wheelbase: 2300 mm
- Front and rear track: 1442 mm
- Loading sill height: 1005 mm
- Dimensions of the platform (inside, L × W × H): 2600 × 1870 × 420 mm
- Ground clearance: 220 mm
- Turning circle: 13.6 m
- Tire size: 8.40–15 ″
- Empty weight: 1500 kg
- Payload: 800 kg (flatbed) + 150 kg (in the driver's cab), UAZ-451DM: 1000 + 150 kg
- permissible total weight: 2450 kg, UAZ-451DM: 2660 kg
- Front axle load: 1050 kg
- Rear axle load: 1400 kg
literature
- Ralf Kunkel: GDR truck type compass. Imports from the USSR . Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03799-1 .
- LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР . Second part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1994, ISBN 5-87483-006-5 .
- Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). Transport Publishing House, 6th edition, Moscow 1971.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Detailed website on the history of the UAZ-451D (Russian)
- ↑ a b Detailed website on the modernized UAZ-451DM flatbed truck (Russian)
- ^ Ralf Kunkel: Type compass GDR trucks. Imports from the USSR . Section UAZ-469.
- ↑ On the history of the UAZ-3801 electric car (Russian)
- ↑ Overview of all vehicles produced by UAZ with further information on the individual models (Russian)
- ↑ a b Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 97 ff.
- ^ Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 280 f.
