Change

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As a transfer in the strict (popular) sense, the change is of transport in public transport referred. At the same time, this also includes changing the car class and also that of the car within a means of transport. A transfer connection is also created in the event of broken traffic (→ multimodal traffic ) between the starting point and destination.

definition

A change is a change made by the traveler in the means of transport, the carriage class or possibly also the wagon within a train during a journey between the starting point and the destination at a suitable point (transfer point) . Changes are made at the request of the traveler or may be necessary because the destination cannot be reached otherwise (footpaths are not considered). Changing trains can involve a break in the journey . Through coaches in the area of ​​the railway an attempt was made to avoid changing trains. The transfer time is both the time and the duration of the transfer.

description

In contrast to private transport , which allows a point-to-point connection (source-destination connection), public transport, especially rail-bound transport, usually runs on lines . If the departure and destination stops of the desired traffic (departure and destination points, entrances and exits as a footpath are not considered) are not on a continuous connection, the vehicle and, if necessary, the means of transport must be changed (change from train to bus, from the U -Bahn on a ferry , between two trains, etc.). Multiple changes may be required on longer journeys.

A shortening of the time or distance may also make it necessary to change trains.

Continuing a journey with a vehicle on the same line (with the same route and destination) at a later point in time is, however, a mere break in the journey. Some transport companies restrict travel breaks in their tariff regulations for single tickets . It can, for example, require the validity of the ticket to transfer to the next possible connecting vehicle (no specified period of validity of the tickets, instead an exclusion of breaks in the journey).

Improvements to transfers

Combined platform in Eschweiler

The transport companies are trying to make it easier to change trains. This is done through the transfer and waiting times incorporated in the timetable . In some cases, there are regulations as to how long one waits for a (delayed) means of transport. Special transfer facilities are used to try to keep the distances between the means of transport short and to make them accessible to the disabled. A clock schedule allows for connecting connections regularly the same long transfer times (also called connection or transition time) if the clock sequences and clock symmetry for the respective lines are the same or at least compatible with one another. With an (ideal) integral cycle schedule with a uniform minute of symmetry for all lines involved, the connection times for the outward and return journey of a journey are always the same regardless of the route.

Through coaches, which were common in European rail traffic until well into the 1990s, are now rarely used, as there is usually not enough time in the clocked timetables for the shunting trips required when changing through coaches. Added to this are the costs that arise from keeping the required shunting locomotives available . One of the few applications still to be found in Germany are the through coaches to Dagebüll , which are switched in Niebüll from the long-distance trains of the Marschbahn to the trains on the Niebüll – Dagebüll railway and serve the feeder traffic to the ferry connections to the islands of Föhr and Amrum .

Infrastructural adjustments

Direct connection

The railways are trying to design stations so that trains with a large number of passengers changing can stop at the same platform . A transfer without significant loss of time on the same platform (opposite) is called a direct connection . There are often large traffic islands at bus stations , where several buses meet, making it possible to change trains.

Combined platform

You can switch between different modes of transport on combined platforms (e.g. tram / bus).

Corner connection

A corner connection is the name given to transfers between two lines in opposite directions. In aligned on a center networks such as the French high-speed network or a city transport network with diameter lines , it is often necessary to go to the center to switch to there in a line which runs back. This then means detours which can be avoided by tangential lines between the locations of the outer districts.

Star meeting

Star meetings are a special feature of the corner connection, in which several diameter lines meet at the same time, enable you to change and then continue in their respective direction. This special feature has been an integral part of the timetable of the Swiss Federal Railways since 1982.

In Germany this concept is u. a. used at the so-called "night meetings" of the Dresden public transport company at Dresden Postplatz (continuously since the 1950s). In Chemnitz, buses and trams of the CVAG meet in night traffic for the so-called "rendezvous" .

Traffic statistics

In the traffic statistics , a distinction is made between those who transfer and those who cross . The former change between two means of transport of the same transport company, the latter do this between two means of transport of different companies. This distinction is important for cross-company tickets in tariff associations and transport associations .

Others

A transfer station is a transfer point on the railway that also meets the definition of a train station .

Transferring in the figurative sense also means a political change of direction (change of course).

literature

  • Wilhelm Müller, Gerhart Potthoff , Eberhard Vogel (eds.): Lexicon railway. Volume: L-Z. 2nd Edition. Edited by Karl Hofmann. Arranged by Hans-Joachim Kirsche. Transpress, VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1973, DNB 740149326 , p. 702.

Individual evidence

  1. Example: Verkehrsgemeinschaft Osnabrück : The single ticket. In: vos.info, accessed on April 16, 2019.
  2. ^ Deutsche Bundesbahn: Germany in direct connection / Intercity trains IC. Deutsche Bundesbahn, Frankfurt (Main) 1971, title page.
  3. The recent history of a company with tradition. In: cvag.de, accessed on April 16, 2019 (section: 2012 ).