Under2 MOU

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The Under2 MOU is a joint Memorandum of Understanding ( English memorandum of understanding ) between sub-national governments that - guided by the principle that global warming to less than 2 ° C , a substantial reduction from - to limit greenhouse gas emissions aims. The MoU was first signed by the twelve Founding Regions on May 19, 2015 in Sacramento .

The Under2 MOU emerged from a joint initiative by the governments of California and Baden-Württemberg . From the UN Climate Change Conference in Bonn in 2017 to April 2018, the list of signatories has grown to 205. The regions represent 1.3 billion people and nearly 40% of the world economy .

Goal and content

With reference to the fifth assessment report of the IPCC , the declaration of intent highlights the risks of current climate change and the economic opportunities of climate protection measures and refers to the necessary international efforts to protect mankind and the planet and to limit global warming to less than 2 ° C. The signatories of the declaration acknowledge that this means for them to limit their greenhouse gas emissions to a maximum of 2 tons of CO 2 per capita by 2050 and / or to reduce them by 85 - 90% compared to 1990.

The signatories of the Memorandum of Understanding undertake to set out in a separate appendix their respective measures with which they want to achieve this goal. Each of the signatories undertakes to support the scientific exchange and to share their own scientific findings and achievements. This takes into account the fact that the signatories have different responsibilities in shaping climate protection policy. Regular monitoring and exchange takes place to check whether the methods are successful .

The letter of intent was presented at the 2015 World Climate Conference in Paris .

backgrounds

In the past, the UN world climate conferences were dominated by the contracting states; the sub-state level, however, did not play an active role. However, a growing number of countries, regions and municipalities were not satisfied with this inactive role and were looking for new ways to get actively involved in international climate protection policy below the state level.

The idea of ​​the Under2MoU was developed after a meeting between Baden-Württemberg's Environment and Energy Minister Franz Untersteller and the Californian Governor Jerry Brown . The first signing took place on May 15, 2015 in Sacramento by Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann , Governor Jerry Brown and the heads of government from ten other regions.

Previously, the Cities for Climate Program in particular was an opportunity for cities to commit to climate protection. In 2010 the initiative had around 700 members who, among other things, committed themselves to presenting their measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Another option is the Climate Action Plan , which was developed by some sub-national governments to identify and reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by the signatories. This aimed to develop more transparency and long-term strategies.

The signatories of the Under2 MOU attach their action plans to the MOU. In this way, some cities and regions have presented a plan to reduce greenhouse gases for the first time. They are published on the website.

The main difference between the Under2MoU declaration of intent and an international agreement is that the MOU is not binding. The signatories only commit themselves to themselves.

development

On the basis of the joint declaration of intent Under2MOU, this climate protection initiative has developed into an association. This association is called "Under2Coalition". The members appear united when it comes to questions of climate protection and, due to their large number of members, play an important role in regional as well as international climate protection. The London- based organization The Climate Group acts as a secretariat.

The following cantons from the German-speaking regions of Switzerland have joined:

  1. Canton of Basel-Stadt
  2. Canton of Basel-Country

The following federal states from Germany and Austria are participating:

  1. Lower Austria
  2. Baden-Württemberg
  3. Bavaria
  4. Hesse
  5. Lower Saxony
  6. North Rhine-Westphalia
  7. Rhineland-Palatinate
  8. Schleswig-Holstein
  9. Thuringia
  10. Upper Austria (since May 24, 2019)

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jerry Brown signs non-binding climate pact with other leaders . In: sacbee . Accessed on December 10, 2016. California and Baden-Wuerttemberg are promoting their regional climate protection alliance “Under2MoU” in Paris December 9, 2015, Ministry for the Environment Baden-Wuerttemberg 
  2. ↑ California Champions Cross-Border Climate Innovations . In: The American Prospect . Retrieved December 10, 2016. 
  3. ↑ Under 2 ° C homepage. Under2 Coalition, accessed May 5, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Appendices from signatories specify this by using CO 2 equivalents as a measure , see for example Appendix A.2 Lower Saxony. (PDF) (No longer available online.) State of Lower Saxony, archived from the original on May 6, 2018 ; accessed on May 4, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / under2mou.org
  5. ↑ Global Climate Leadership Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Under2 Coalition, archived from the original on May 5, 2018 ; accessed on May 5, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / under2mou.org
  6. ↑ a b California driving global low-carbon effort . In: UPI . Retrieved December 10, 2016. 
  7. ^ David Wright: Cross-Border Constraints on Climate Change Agreements: Legal Risks in the California-Quebec Cap-and-Trade Linkage . In: Environmental Law Report-er . 46, 2016, pp. 10478-10495.
  8. ↑ https://um.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/gemeinsam-fuer-mehr-klimaschutz-kalifornia-und-baden-wuerttemberg-werben-in-paris-fuer-ihr-regiona -1/
  9. ↑ Common But Differentiated Responsibilities Beyond the Nation State: How Is Differential Treatment Addressed in Transnational Climate Governance Initiatives? - ProQuest . Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  10. ↑ Anthony D. Barnosky, Paul R. Ehrlich, Elizabeth A. Hadly: Avoiding collapse: Grand challenges for science and society to solve by 2050 Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene . 4, No. 1, March 15, 2016, ISSN 2325-1026 . doi : 10.12952 / journal.elementa.000094 . Retrieved December 22, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / assets.elementascience.org 
  11. ↑ How US cities dropped climate protection commitments in response to mainstream political opposition and programmatic stagnation (en-US) . In: USAPP , August 13, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2016. 
  12. ↑ Ellen Bassett, Vivek Shandas: Innovation and Climate Action Planning . In: Journal of the American Planning Association . 76, No. 4, September 29, 2010, ISSN  0194-4363 , pp. 435-450. doi : 10.1080 / 01944363.2010.509703 .
  13. ^ El gobernador de Jalisco da con-ferencia durante COP22 . Retrieved December 22, 2016.