Accident data storage

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Accident data memory 2165 (VDO Kienzle version 1.3) - installation situation during crash test
Example of a data curve from a crash recorder that is recorded in the event of a traffic accident.

The accident data memory (abbr .: UDS , also accident (data) recorder, formerly short distance recorder or short-term recorder), in Switzerland also remaining distance recorder (abbreviation: RAG ) is an independent electronic device that records and records relevant data before, during and after a traffic accident thus resembles a flight recorder .

It can be installed in motor vehicles ( cars , trucks , buses , motorcycles , trams and special vehicles ) on a voluntary basis in order to obtain more precise information about the processes in the event of an accident . In some countries there are regulations for mandatory installation in different vehicles. The UDS continuously records various vehicle data (such as speed , direction of movement, vehicle acceleration in longitudinal and transverse direction, status of the lighting, indicator and braking activity, etc.) and records this for a while before it is automatically deleted.

In the event of an accident (this is recognized by a strong acceleration of the vehicle as a result of a collision), certain periods of time (usually in the two-digit seconds range) before and after an event are stored permanently. This makes it much easier to reconstruct what happened after an accident, so that the question of fault can be clarified if necessary .

Many vehicles used by authorities (such as the police or emergency services ) are equipped with it, as accidents while driving with blue lights often lead to disputes about compliance with legal regulations. A side effect of vehicles equipped with UDS is that drivers behave more cautiously in traffic. According to a survey by the EU Transport Commission, there was a 20 to 30 percent decrease in traffic accidents among UDS users.

The accident data memory is often used as a measuring device by experts or institutions in crash tests .

Third generation UDS-AT accident data logger
Crash recorder

The installation (also afterwards) costs around 700 euros and can lead to a premium discount with some insurance companies . In some vehicles, factory installation (optional) is offered by the manufacturer. The UDS can be read out by an expert using the interface cable . The accident data recorder (older generations) has a switch with which the driver can delete the stored data immediately after an accident so as not to burden himself with the question of guilt later. However, this function can be blocked for use in company vehicles, for example.

technology

UDS work with micromechanical sensors to measure the accelerations, depending on the equipment in two or three spatial directions . Several sensor systems with different resolutions are often used in order to be able to usefully record the driving dynamics on the one hand and the collision dynamics on the other. Higher-quality systems also offer the possibility of measuring rotary movements and vehicle speed. The latter can e.g. B. calculated from the signal of the vehicle's own wheel speed sensor. The recording of any signals that are available on the vehicle's own CAN bus is just as possible with higher-quality devices as the acquisition of a GPS signal for position and speed determination. Depending on the manufacturer, about 20 to 30 s before and 10 to 15 s after an event are recorded.
Today (as of 2018) there are essentially two accident data memories that are suitable for subsequent installation in German-speaking countries. Blacktrack offers a low cost solution that is mainly used by the insurance industry (e.g. AXA Winterthur in Switzerland). In contrast, the UDS-AT developed by the company consortium Peter Systemtechnik GmbH and Kast GmbH offers expanded options for recording and integration into a vehicle. One advantage of a UDS is its vehicle-independent sensor system, which allows the vehicle movement and speed to be reconstructed independently of a speedometer signal that may be faulty in extreme situations (e.g. an accident).

According to the operating instructions, the motorcycle Kawasaki Z 800 should have an accident data memory integrated ex works. This records vehicle speed, crankshaft speed and throttle opening within a short period of time (10 s). Even if the manufacturer describes the function as an accident data memory, it is still an event data recorder (see also section Delimitation ). In the English original of the Owner's manual it is called exactly that way, so that an incorrect translation can cause confusion.

Remaining distance recording devices from Mobatime AG are external devices that use existing vehicle signals (distance, speed, operating states of status inputs) and store them in a ring buffer for at least the last 12 km. In contrast to an accident data memory, they do not have their own measuring sensors.

evaluation

Measurement data extract of a real accident from an accident data memory

Reading out the data from an accident data memory requires special software.

The evaluation and interpretation of measurement data from a traffic accident requires special knowledge in the areas of driving dynamics , accident reconstruction , vehicle technology, measurement technology and, last but not least, accident data storage technology itself. UDS has its own order area in Germany .
The picture on the right shows the (unprocessed) data curves of a real accident that was recorded with a UDS. The measured accelerations, the speed and various status channels are plotted over time. It can be seen, for example, that special vehicle signals were switched on before the collision and that the driver actuated the brake beforehand.

history

The accident data memory known today was invented by Mannesmann Kienzle GmbH and a patent applied for in 1992. However, development in Germany began in the early 1980s at the two companies MBB (“Accident Documentation System”) and Kienzle, who pursued different concepts. In 1980 the company VDO Adolf Schindling AG applied for a patent for an "accident registration device for vehicles". Edmund Zottnik applied for a patent in 1984 for an "accident data recorder", while Friedrich Fredmüller applied for a patent for a "short-path recorder (KWS)" in 1991.
In general, the flight recorder , which was developed in Australia by David Warren in the early 1950s , was taken as a model. As early as 1973, General Motors applied for a patent for an "impact recorder in vehicles". Mannesmann Kienzle delivered the first accident data memories in early 1993.

Motorsport

In motorsport , according to the FIA specifications, »Accident data recorders« (ADR) must be used in various series. Starting with the 2015 season, the use of an ADR in the Formula 4 championship became mandatory. Use in the higher series has been mandatory for a long time. In addition to the data from the acceleration sensors attached to the vehicle, the loads acting on the driver are also measured with an in-ear acceleration sensor.
Due to the higher speeds in formula racing compared to road traffic, the sensors have a measuring range of ± 150 g with a resolution of 0.1 g. 2 s are recorded before an event. With an event duration of 30 s, 10 events can be saved.

Demarcation

With a flight recorder as well as with a UDS, the constantly recorded data run in a ring memory . However, the flight recorder usually records over longer periods of 17 to 25 hours. In contrast, with the UDS, data is only saved permanently a few seconds before and after an event (e.g. collision) is triggered.

The term travel data storage means i. A. a continuous and permanently available recording of data and signals during the operation of a vehicle - regardless of an accident - understood. Such systems are often used in locomotives or trams. Often, however, an electronic logbook is also referred to as a travel data memory. Dashcams are also sometimes referred to as drive data recorders or video event data recorders (VEDR).

A so-called Event Data Recorder (EDR, event data storage ) is not an accident data recorder (English. Mutatis mutandis Accident Data Recorder ) in the sense of a separate, more or less independent from the vehicle unit, as an EDR usually an additional electronic component in a present anyway controller z (. B . from the airbag ) is in a car. EDR only use the vehicle's own signals, while UDS have their own inertial sensors. Vehicles with airbag systems save accident-related data (impact acceleration, seat belt buckle status, seat position, release times) in the internal memory of the release electronics. The amount of data differs depending on the manufacturer and only extends over a few seconds or fractions. Regulations of the US American Federal Road and Vehicle Safety Agency (NHTSA) require uniform data sets for all systems manufactured after 2010.

Journalists and vehicle manufacturers (see above ), too, are not always clear about the difference between UDS and EDR, or they are not clearly differentiated or translated. According to Auto Bild, accident data recorders were evaluated by the NHTSA in the Toyota scandal surrounding allegedly jammed gas pedals . In fact, it was EDR. In the operating instructions of the Seat Leon III , which has an EDR, the EDR is equated directly to an accident data memory. The wording that the vehicle has an accident data memory can currently (10/2018) also be read in other operating instructions for vehicles from the VW Group (e.g. T-Roc). However, the vehicles are equipped with an event data recorder ex works.

criticism

In August 2012, the ADAC criticized that the accident reduction rates that were determined after the introduction of UDS in (company) vehicle fleets could not be transferred to private use. However, in November 2012 the ADAC determined that »UDS help to better clarify accidents«.

Other critics fear for data protection . Police and insurance companies can read out the data and these can be assigned to the driver. Proponents counter that UDS are ring buffers that continuously record driving data. However, you only back up the data of the 30 seconds before and 15 seconds after an accident. The data of a UDS is stored in encrypted form.

See also

Web links

Commons : Accident data storage  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wolfgang Hugemann, Karl-Heinz Schimmelpfennig: The accident recorder - functional principles, accuracy, effect on the activity of the expert . In: Traffic Accident and Vehicle Technology . tape 2 , no. 30 , 1992, pp. 49-59 .
  2. ↑ Questions about accident data (UDS) and remaining distance recording devices (RAG) for fire fighting vehicles (information sheet from Aargauer Gebäudeversicherung). (PDF) In: agv-ag.ch. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014 ; accessed on September 21, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Art. 102 data recording device (ordinance on the technical requirements for road vehicles (VTS) in Switzerland). Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Dirk-Antonio Harms: Accident data storage (UDS) as a possible contribution to road safety in the opinion of young people and adolescents (page 48). Dissertation approved by the Joint Natural Science Faculty of the Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina in Braunschweig to obtain the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. Nat.). In: d-nb.info. February 27, 2003, accessed April 20, 2016 .
  5. ↑ motorzeitung.de
  6. ^ A b Robert Dunker: ADAC warns of the black box for cars. PS Welt, August 27, 2012, accessed September 22, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Alexander Wiek: The UDS platform - a tool for quick and easy use of the UDS from VDO-Kienzle as a measuring device for the expert . In: Traffic Accident and Vehicle Technology . tape 9 , no. 37 , 1999, pp. 237-239 .
  8. ↑ Data storage improves accident reconstruction. Handelsblatt, October 20, 2004, accessed on October 1, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Dirk-Antonio Harms: Accident data storage (UDS) as a possible contribution to road safety in the opinion of young people and adolescents (Section 3.9 UDS at WKD Security, page 51). Dissertation approved by the Joint Natural Science Faculty of the Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina in Braunschweig to obtain the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. Nat.). In: d-nb.info. February 27, 2003, accessed April 20, 2016 .
  10. ↑ a b colliseum.net
  11. ↑ Operating Instructions Kawasaki Z800. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
  12. ^ Michael Schümann: Data storage in the motorcycle. In: Motorrad (magazine) . September 6, 2013, accessed September 21, 2018 .
  13. ↑ mobatime.ch
  14. ↑ svv.ihk.de
  15. ↑ EP0635153 - ACCIDENT DATA MEMORY. In: register.epo.org . January 21, 1994, accessed April 20, 2016 .
  16. ↑ DE4218397 - Device for recording a short distance of motor vehicles. In: register.epo.org . June 4, 1992. Retrieved September 20, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Laucht, H .; Zottnik, E .: Accident Documentation System. Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 93 (1991), pp. 760 - 771, issue 12
  18. ↑ DE3033125 - Accident registration device for vehicles. In: DPMAregister . September 3, 1980. Retrieved October 1, 2018 .
  19. ↑ EP0118818 - Accident data recorder. In: register.epo.org . February 24, 1984. Retrieved October 1, 2018 .
  20. ↑ DE4103599 - Kurzwegschreiber (KWS). In: DPMAregister . February 7, 1991, accessed October 1, 2018 .
  21. ↑ DE2322299 - impact recorder in vehicles. In: register.epo.org . May 3, 1973. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
  22. ↑ The accident data recorder ensures clarity in legal disputes The "policeman in the car" also reduces the costs of reconstructing the course of the accident. FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 13, 1993, accessed on September 21, 2018 .
  23. ↑ globalinstitute.org
  24. ↑ fiafoundation.org
  25. ↑ motec.com.au
  26. ↑ Thomas Kuther: How accident data can be reliably saved with FRAMs. Elektronikpraxis , February 16, 2016, accessed October 9, 2018 .
  27. ↑ Study: Toyota Accidents on Accelerators - Is the Problem in Front of the Steering Wheel? In: AutoBild . August 11, 2010, accessed October 8, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Operating instructions Seat Leon. (PDF) Inglés 5F0012705BF (11.17). November 15, 2017, p. 96 , accessed October 10, 2018 .
  29. ^ A b Susanne Vieser: Accident data storage: Secure evidence. In: company car mobility & management. EuroTransportMedia Verlag und Veranstaltungs-GmbH, November 8, 2012, accessed on October 1, 2018 .