Urospermum picroides

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Urospermum picroides
Bitter herb sulfur basket (Urospermum picroides)

Bitter herb sulfur basket ( Urospermum picroides )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Sulfur basket ( Urospermum )
Type : Urospermum picroides
Scientific name
Urospermum picroides
( L. ) Scop. ex FWSchmidt

The bitter herbs sulfur basket ( urospermum picroides ) is a plant of the genus sulfur basket ( Urospermum ) and thus of the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).

inflorescence
Infructescence: basket base and achenes with pappus

description

Urospermum picroides is an annual stem thermophyte that reaches heights of 30 to 45 centimeters. The stem is erect, only slightly branched and hirsute. The leaves are ovate-oblong, oblong, saw-toothed, dented, serrated and encompassing half-stems.

The inflorescence is egg-shaped. The bracts are single row, connected at the base, linear-lanceolate, long pointed and hairy with bristles. The heads are up to 40 millimeters in diameter. The ray-flowers are light yellow. The fruit beak is 6 to 8 millimeters long, thin, hollow, cylindrical and covered with short hair. The pappus is white.

The flowering period extends from February to July.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10.

Occurrence

Urospermum picroides occurs in the Mediterranean region. The original distribution area extends from the Canary Islands, Madeira and North Africa through southern Europe to western Asia, the Caucasus and Pakistan . As a neophyte , the species also occurs in the Azores, in California , Uruguay, Argentina and Chile, in South Africa in the provinces of the Western Cape , Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal and in western and southern Australia .

In Crete, the species grows in olive groves, phrygana , rubble heaps and ruderal sites at altitudes from 0 to 1300 meters.

Taxonomy

The bitter herb sulfur basket was first described by Carl von Linné as Tragopogon picroides in Sp. Pl .: 790, 1753. The species was then from FW Schmidt in Samml. Phys.-Ökon. Essays 1: 275, 1795 placed in the genus Urospermum . Synonyms for Urospermum picroides (L.) FWSchmidt are Daumailia spinulosa Arènes , Tragopogon asper L. and Urospermum asperum (L.) DC.

swell

literature

  • Ralf Jahn, Peter Schönfelder: Excursion flora for Crete . With contributions by Alfred Mayer and Martin Scheuerer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1995, ISBN 3-8001-3478-0 , p. 333 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06223-6 , pp. 246 .
  2. ↑ Peter Derek Sell: Urospermum Scop. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 308 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ a b Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore): Urospermum picroidesIn: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
  4. ^ Karl Heinz Rechinger : Urospermum . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger (Ed.): Flora Iranica. Flora of the Iranian highlands and the surrounding mountains. Volume 122: Compositae II - Lactuceae. Akademische Drucks- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1977, ISBN 3-201-00728-5 , pp. 137-138.
  5. ↑ a b Urospermum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  6. ^ John L. Strother: Urospermum Scopoli. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 296-297 (English). , online.
  7. ↑ Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares. Instituto de Botánica, Darwinion. San Isidro. Prov. de Buenos Aires, accessed March 11, 2012.
  8. ^ GE Gibbs Russell, WG Welman, E. Reitief, KL Immelman, G. Germishuizen, BJ Pienaar, M. v. Wyk, A. Nicholas: List of species of southern African plants. In: Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa. Volume 2, Nos. 1–2: 1–152 (part 1), 1–270 (part 2), Urospermum picroides online at Tropicos , accessed on March 11, 2012.
  9. ↑ Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute (Eds.): African Plant Database: Urospermum picroides , accessed on March 11, 2012.
  10. ^ Weeds of Australia, Biosecurity Queensland Edition. Fact Sheet Urospermum picroides, accessed March 11, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Urospermum picroides  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler: Mediterranean and Alpine flora. [1]