VRA Core

Visual Resources Association Core ( VRA Core ) is a metadata standard used to describe images and the cultural assets they represent .

It was developed in 1996 by the Visual Resources Association (VRA) based on Dublin Core in order to make it easier to distinguish between an original work and its reproductions when cataloging in libraries . VRA Core has been available as an XML schema since version 4.0 was released in 2007 and is used in conjunction with the Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO) set of rules . Today VRA Core is mainly used in the museum sector and is particularly suitable for capturing the visual arts and architecture .

History of origin

VRA Core was originally developed by US librarians who worked in libraries whose holdings consisted primarily of slides of well-known works of art and only rarely contained original works. In the 1960s and 1970s, catalog records were usually created there with a focus on the original work. Over time, however, it came to be seen that it would be more accurate to emphasize the description of the reproduction that was in your own inventory when creating the catalog . When cataloging, a clear distinction had to be made between the description of the original work and that of the reproduction. This decision was also made based on experience with users , who often needed information on both. In this way, the community of libraries with visual resources quickly came to the conclusion that both the original work and the reproduction from its own holdings had to be cataloged.

Data model

VRA Core adheres closely to the postulated by the Dublin Core community one-to-one principle ( One-to-One Principle ), which states that only one within a single metadata set object or resource can be described. VRA Core aims to map these relationships between visual resources and at the same time to give space to the individuality that resides in every work of art.

In the data model of VRA Core 4.0 three primary are entities established: the work ( work ), the image ( image ) and the collection ( collection ). The determining factor is the work entity, which is related to one or more image entities. When describing the object, the assignment of the entity assignment to one of these three entities is the only requirement for a VRA Core 4.0 data set.

Versions

VRA Core 1.0-3.0

Versions 1.0 through 3.0 of VRA Core began with a set of elements or categories ( VRA Core Categories ), but still without structure or coding . They are similar to Dublin Core in many categories, but have also been specially adapted to art and museum objects. The elements are repeatable and can be specified in any order.

VRA Core 4.0

VRA Core 4.0 was introduced in 2007 and has seen few changes since then. Driving motivations behind version 4.0 were the CCO project sponsored by the VRA and the emergence of XML as the preferred data exchange format . CCO provided a content standard for the data recorded in VRA Core and XML a structural standard that has proven to be highly interoperable for exchanging metadata records . The growing importance of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) in the library system was also taken into account.

The VRA Core XML Schema consists of 19 elements and 23 sub-elements. Some of these are provided with attributes in order to allow more specific information in an element. VRA Core 4.0 also has nine global attributes that can be applied to any element or sub-element as required.

There are VRA Core 4.0 in a restricted ( restricted ) and a full ( unrestricted ) version. In the restricted version, the format of the dates and the values in the type attributes are specified in order to ensure better interoperability of the data. In the unrestricted version, data can be specified in any format and any values in the type attributes.

VRA Core is often used in conjunction with the Getty - Thesauri Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), and Union List of Artist Names (ULAN).

Web links

VRA Core Support Pages Contains, among other things, sample data sets
VRA Core schemes and documentation (English)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 136 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).
^ Steven J. Miller, Metadata for Digital Collections: A How-To-Do-It Manual . Neal-Schuman, New York / London 2011, ISBN 978-1-55570-746-0 , pp. 225 .
↑ ^a ^b Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 138 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).
^ Steven J. Miller, Metadata for Digital Collections: A How-To-Do-It Manual . Neal-Schuman, New York / London 2011, ISBN 978-1-55570-746-0 , pp. 213 .
^ Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 141 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).
↑ ^a ^b Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 137 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).
↑ VRA Core 4.0 Outline. In: VRA CORE - a data standard for the description of works of visual culture: Official Web Site. Visual Resources Association, 2007, accessed July 19, 2020 .
^ Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 139 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).

[:0-1] Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 136 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).

[2] Steven J. Miller, Metadata for Digital Collections: A How-To-Do-It Manual . Neal-Schuman, New York / London 2011, ISBN 978-1-55570-746-0 , pp. 225 .

[:1-3] Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 138 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).

[4] Steven J. Miller, Metadata for Digital Collections: A How-To-Do-It Manual . Neal-Schuman, New York / London 2011, ISBN 978-1-55570-746-0 , pp. 213 .

[5] Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 141 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).

[:2-6] Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 137 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).

[7] VRA Core 4.0 Outline. In: VRA CORE - a data standard for the description of works of visual culture: Official Web Site. Visual Resources Association, 2007, accessed July 19, 2020 .

[8] Rebecca L. Lubas, Amy S. Jackson, Ingrid Schneider: Using VRA Core 4.0 . In: The Metadata Manual (= Chandos Information Professional Series ). Chandos Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84334-729-3 , pp. 139 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-1-84334-729-3.50006-6 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).