V 190
 The sister boat V 186 in its original condition
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V 190 was a 1911 finished Large torpedo boat of the Imperial Navy , the 1918 T 190 and renamed after the war by the German Navy was adopted. From 1938 to 1945 the boat was used by the Navy as a test shipunder the name of Claus von Bevern . The boat wassunk with ammunitionby the Allies in March 1946 in the Skagerrak .
Construction and technical data
The boat was part of a six-unit series, the order of which was awarded to the Szczecin Vulcan by the Imperial Navy Office in 1910 . After its commissioning, it formed the 1st torpedo boat half-flotilla with the sister ships V 186 to V 191 and belonged to the 1st torpedo boat flotilla with the G 192 to G 197 boats ordered at the same time from the Germania shipyard. In contrast to the 1909 series, the boats were armed for the first time with torpedo tubes of the larger caliber 50 cm.
The boat was in 1910 at the shipyard AG Vulcan Stettin to put Kiel and ran there on 12 April 1911 by the stack . The commissioning with the designation V 190 took place on August 5, 1911. The boat was 73.9 m long (lüa), 73.5 m in the waterline , and 7.85 m wide and had a 3.22 m draft . The water displacement was 766 t standard and 861 t maximum. The machine system consisted of two steam turbines with a total of 18,000 hp , which enabled a speed of up to 32 kn with two screws . At a cruising speed of 17 knots, the boat had a range of 1170 nautical miles . The crew consisted of 84 men. The boat was armed with two 8.8 cm L / 30 Utof rapid fire guns and four 50 cm torpedo tubes in stand- alone setup (in front of the bridge , between the two funnels , behind the second funnel).
history
First World War
When the First World War broke out, the boat belonged to the First Torpedo Boat Flotilla, and in the last years of the war it belonged to the VIII. Torpedo Boat Flotilla, a reserve flotilla whose boats did not have to be handed over to the victorious powers. On February 22, 1918, the boat was renamed T 190 .
Imperial Navy
On January 2, 1919, the boat ran into distress in the North Sea and the small cruiser Graudenz , which was still available to the commander of securing the North Sea, set sail from Wilhelmshaven to support the torpedo boat.
The VIII. Torpedo Boat Flotilla was disbanded on February 19, 1919 and the boats were named III. North Sea torpedo boat flotilla in the provisional Reichsmarine and then in 1920 also taken over into the Reichsmarine itself, where the T 190 served as a torpedo boat with the I. Torpedo boat flotilla. The boat's first active period of service there was from May 19, 1920 to October 27, 1922. In addition to the T 190 , only T 185 of the eleven sister boats was used by the Reichsmarine. In 1923 the T 190 was modernized; the jaw was lengthened and the drive system was completely converted to oil. From May 20, 1924 to March 31, 1928 the boat was again in flotilla service. In July 1927, the T 190 accompanied the old Hessen liner on the first visit by a German warship to the Free City of Danzig after the First World War . The last service period of the T 190 as a torpedo boat began on May 25, 1929 and ended on December 8, 1932.
School and test boat
It was converted into a test boat. The boat received larger superstructures and put back into service on September 28, 1933 as a test boat T 190 for the Sperrversuchskommando (SVK). The now equipped with light antiaircraft weapons boat was renamed on August 29, 1938 Claus von Bevern , in honor of former Squadron commodore of the Brandenburg Navy Claus von Bevern . The boat was now used as a training and test boat for the SVK test association in Kiel.
Second World War
When the Kriegsmarine needed every available ship in April 1940 to transport the German invasion troops to Norway and Denmark at the Weser Exercise Company , the Claus von Bevern belonged to Warship Group 7 , which departed from Kiel on the morning of April 9th and left the Danish ferry port Nyborg on Fyn and manned the parade on Zealand . The warship group 7 consisted of the liner Schleswig-Holstein , whose commander, sea captain Gustav Kleikamp , commanded the group, the three test boats Claus von Bevern , Nautilus and Pelikan , the transporters Campinas (4541 GRT) and Cordoba (4611 GRT), two Tugs and the BSO school flotilla with six converted fish steamers. The three test boats transported a company from Infantry Regiment 326 ( 198th Infantry Division ) and a small radio relay from Intelligence Department 235 to Nyborg, which occupied the port there. The Schleswig-Holstein approached and was not operational for several hours on the 9th. The tug Taifun was lost during the rescue. The occupation of the Danish ports succeeded without the use of weapons. The two transporters unloaded their load in Nyborg and immediately ran back to Germany to be available for further transports.
The End
In December 1945 the Claus von Bevern was awarded to the USA as spoils of war and sunk in the Skagerrak in March 1946 . An official report from the UK government says this was done without prior loading with poison gas ammunition , while elsewhere reports of a sinking with gas ammunition.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hildebrand et al. a .: The German warships , vol. 3, p. 21
- ↑ Hildebrand et al. a., Vol. 3, p. 79
- ↑ Hildebrand et al.: Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe , Vol. 7, p. 113
- ↑ http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/40-04.htm
- ↑ Oliver Krauss, p. 426
- ↑ Report on Sea Dumping of Chemical Weapons by the United Kingdom in the Skaggerrak Waters post World War Two (p. 17, Appendix 2) (PDF; 1.4 MB)
- ↑ “VRAK I SKAGERRAK: Sammanfattning av kunskaperna kring miljöriskerna med läckande vrak i Skagerrak” (PDF; 1.7 MB)
Remarks
- ↑ The V referred to the shipyard.
- ↑ T 185 , ex V 185 , was a flotilla leader boat until it was replaced by the Seeadler in 1928, was converted into a steering boat and fast tug Blitz for target ships in 1932 , delivered to the Soviet Union in 1945 ; three boats ( V 187 , V 188 , V 191 ) were war losses; and seven boats ( V 180 to V 184 , V 186 , V 189 ) were delivered to the victorious powers and scrapped.
- ^ The test boats Nautilus (ex M 81 ), Pelikan (ex M 28 ), Arcona (ex M 115 ), Otto Braun (ex M 129 ), Johann Wittenborg / Sundevall (ex M 109 ), Claus von Bevern belonged to the experimental association of the Sperrversuchskommando and T 155 . See Oliver Krauss: Armaments and armament testing in German naval history with special consideration of the Torpedoversuchsanstalt (TVA). Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 2006, p. 159, fn. 462
literature
- Harald Fock: Black journeymen , Volume 2: Destroyers until 1914 , Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1981, ISBN 3-7822-0206-6 .
- Harald Fock: Z-before! , Volume 1: International development and war missions of destroyers and torpedo boats 1914 to 1939 , Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7822-0762-9 .
- Erich Gröner : The German warships 1815-1945 Volume 2: Torpedo boats, destroyers, speed boats, minesweepers, mine clearance boats , Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-7637-4801-6 .
- Hans H. Hildebrand / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships: Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present , Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford,