Vanilla odorata
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| C. Presl |
Vanilla odorata is a plant from the genus vanilla ( Vanilla ) in the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). The climbing plant has a large distribution area in tropical America.
description
Vanilla odorata is an evergreen climber. The leaves sit on the shoot at intervals of 10 to 12 centimeters. The petiole is comparatively long with 1.5 centimeters. The leaf length is 12.5 to 20 centimeters and 1 to 2.5 centimeters wide. The leaf shape is narrowly lanceolate, elongated at the front, rounded at the base. The tip of the leaf is curved. The texture of the leaves is leathery to fleshy. The narrow, long leaves are a distinguishing feature of Vanilla odorata , with plants that grow in the shade producing wider leaves.
The short, 3 to 4 centimeters measuring, racemose inflorescence axis bears up to twelve yellowish-green flowers . The elongated, pointed ending bracts reach 1 centimeter in length. The sepals are linear to lanceolate, 4.5 to 5 centimeters long and 0.2 to 0.6 centimeters (up to 1.1 centimeters) wide. The petals are similar in shape, with a slightly protruding midrib. The lip is 3.5 to 4.5 centimeters long, it is three-lobed, the side lobes are turned upwards in a tubular shape and fused with the column up to half the length of the lip, the front free part of the lip is spread out, wavy and fringed at the edge. There is a scaly spot in the middle of the lip. The column is club-shaped and not curved. The curved fruit is 15 to 20 centimeters long and about 0.5 centimeters thick, it smells aromatic.
distribution
Vanilla odorata is distributed from Mexico in the north over all of Central America and the northern half of South America. Some collections are based on cultivated specimens, as the fruits can be used in a similar way to those of the spiced vanilla ( Vanilla planifolia ).
Systematics and botanical history
This orchid was described by Presl in 1826 . Presl mentions that the fruits collected 36 years earlier still smelled fragrant when he examined them.
Within the genus Vanilla , Vanilla odorata is classified in the subgenus Xanata and there in the section Xanata , which only contains species of the Neotropics . Synonyms for Vanilla odorata are Vanilla denticulata , Vanilla ensifolia and Vanilla uncinata . Soto Arenas and Cribb put them together with the spiced vanilla in the Vanilla planifolia group. The poorly known Vanilla fimbriata is particularly similar . Vanilla odorata is considered a parent of Tahitian vanilla ( Vanilla tahitensis ) according to a study of the DNA .
literature
- Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde . In: Gilbert Bouriquet (ed.): Encyclopédie Biologique . tape XLVI . Paul Lechevalier, Paris 1954.
- Charles Schweinfurth: Orchids of Peru . In: Chicago Natural History Museum (ed.): Fieldiana . tape 30 , no. 1 , 1958 ( Fieldiana ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Roland Portères: Le Genre Vanilla et ses Espèces. In: Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde. Pp. 243-245.
- ^ A b c d Charles Schweinfurth: Orchids of Peru. In: Fieldiana. Volume 30, No. 1, p. 43.
- ↑ a b Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Phillip Cribb: A new infrageneric classification and synopsis of the genus Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. (Orchidaceae: Vanillinae) . In: Lankesteriana . tape 9 , no. 3 , 2010, p. 384–385 ( ucr.ac.cr [PDF; 692 kB ]).
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Vanilla odorata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ↑ Pesach Lubinsky, Kenneth M. Cameron, María Carmen Molina, Maurice Wong, Sandra Lepers-Andrzejewski, Arturo Gómez-Pompa, Seung-Chul Kim: Neotropical roots of a Polynesian spicae: the hybrid origin of a Tahitian vanilla, Vanilla tahitensis (Orchidaceae ) . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 85 , no. 8 , 2008, p. 1040-1047 ( amjbot.org [PDF; 1.4 MB ]).