Patriotic publishing and art institute

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Patriotic publishing and art institute
legal form GmbH (from approx. 1934)
founding July 20, 1903
resolution Bankruptcy proceedings 1938, deletion from the commercial register in 1941
Seat Berlin , GermanyGermanyGermany 
management Wilhelm Neumann

The Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt was a company of the Berlin City Mission . It emerged from a bookstore owned by the Berlin City Mission, which was founded in 1883 as a Christian writing office under the association's chairman Adolf Stoecker . The company owned a printing press. The owner of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt was the Association for Berlin City Missions, of which Walter Thieme was chairman from 1933 to autumn 1939 . The company went bankrupt on March 19, 1938.

The administrative and legal management of the Berlin city mission took over with effect from October 20, 1939 on behalf of the Evangelical Upper Church Council, the Secret Finance Council and District President a. D. Max von Bahrfeldt , who was responsible for the "duties of the board of directors and management" at the time the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt was deleted from the commercial register in 1941. When the company went bankrupt in the “ Third Reich ”, the printing house was leased and the printing machines sold were continued by Scholz-Druck GmbH in the same factory building in Berlin-Kreuzberg. The printing house of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, which was dissolved in 1941, was one of the total losses of real estate by the Berlin City Mission in the air war over Berlin in 1944.

history

The Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt was founded in Berlin by the Association for Berlin City Mission on July 20, 1903. With its founding, it united several already existing companies of the non-profit association Berliner Stadtmission.

The publishing and art establishment was based in a publishing and factory building that was commissioned for the production of publications on October 1, 1899 by the city mission board member Ernst Evers on what was then the center of the Berlin city mission in Berlin-Kreuzberg.

Early years of the company

The companies covered by the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt company included a publishing bookstore for the distribution of "good writings and Christian literature", an institution for church furnishings and Christian art as well as a printing company for book, newspaper and magazine printing, which was originally part of the "Vaterländische Verlagsanstalt" belonged in Berlin. The patriotic designation "Patriotic" was retained in the new company name. In the Berlin address book of 1904, the combined company of the Berlin City Mission is listed for the first time under the company name "Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt".

Structure of the company

In the course of its history, the company was subdivided into different operational parts, which were identified as departments with Roman numerals:

  • Department I: Bookshop of the Berlin City Mission; Assortment and mail order bookstore; Publishing bookstore, calendar publisher; Zeitschriftenverlag (including the publication of Frohe Message , which was published by Pastor Walter Michaels in the publishing house of Ernst Röttger in Kassel until 1914); Advertising department; Book publisher of the Vaterländische Verlag- und Kunstanstalt
  • Department II: Art Institute for Church Decorations; originally with its own workshops for metal goods, embroidery, tailoring, joinery and carving;
  • Department III: book printing, stereotype, bookbinding; Specialty: works and magazine printing, mass print runs for catalogs and brochures, illustration rotary printing
  • Department IV: Ernst Röttger's Verlag, which was bought from the publisher of the same name from Kassel; From May 1, 1914, the place of publication was Berlin (Kreuzberg)
  • Department V: Hochweg-Verlag (including production of the magazine Der Hochweg - a monthly newspaper for the life and work of Paul Le Seur ), which in 1938 became a publishing department at Westdeutsche Jungmännerbund GmbH in Wuppertal-Barmen.
  • Department VI was created in 1930 for the "Verlag Die Brücke", founded on March 1 of the same year
  • Department VII was run as "Hochweg-Buchvertrieb" and took care of the distribution of the works still printed by the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt.

After all, the publishing house “The Reformation” was assigned to the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt. There appeared "The Reformation" with the addition: "German Evangelical Church Newspaper for the Congregation", which was published by the city mission pastor Ernst Bunke (* 1866; † 1944). The temporary co-editor, theologian Wilhelm Philipps (* 1859; † 1933), had published his "Memories of Stoecker" in 1932 with the publishing house "Die Reformation" and the publishing house added the article "The Stoecker Family" by Reinhard Mumm (* 1873 ; † 1932).

The address book of the German book trade for 1932 had separate departments for each of the publishers: Section IV Ernst Röttgers Verlag; Dept. V Hochweg publishing and book sales; Dept. VI Verlag Die Brücke and, as the owner of the company Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, named the Association for Berlin City Mission and, as manager for all departments, Wilhelm Neumann and as authorized signatory Max Bartos as well as authorized representative Ernst Zabel. After the transfer to the legal form GmbH and a restructuring, the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH was divided into the following departments: Dept. I range; Dept. II, Art Institute for Church Equipment, Dept. III Book Printing, Dept. IV Publishing Department: Ernst Röttgers Verlag , Hochweg Publishing House and Book Sales and Publishing House Die Brücke, for which Wilhelm Neumann was responsible as managing director. From 1938 the Hochweg book distribution took over the sale of books also on commission, e.g. B. Arthur Bach's Great Soldiers and Christians from the time of the Great Elector to our day.

Postcards

Soon after it was founded, the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt produced not only books but also postcards with the address of their company headquarters in Berlin and the copyright notice "Reprinting prohibited". At the beginning of the First World War, the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt printed postcards with 20 different sayings by Emperor Wilhelm II for the first time. One of the printed sayings was: "The nation that consumes the smallest amount of alcohol wins." In the Weimar Republic, the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt had a special “Photo and Postcard Publishing Department”. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Berlin City Mission in 1927, anniversary cards from Matthäus Schiestl with a decorative frame and the logo of the non-profit Society for Christian Art Munich / GFCHKM were made printed, the net proceeds of which went to the charities of the Berlin city mission. The secretary of the City Mission Board Pastor Richard Kindler (* 1874; † 1964) used such anniversary cards for thanks in the early 1930s, the text of which was subsequently printed in italics on the address field side in the decorative frame and sent to the supporters as printed matter.

Senior staff

A clerical inspector was appointed to the company's management board, but he was no longer  entrusted with the management of the company, as was Ernst Evers before . The board of the Berliner Stadtmission appointed the publishing bookseller Gustav Geiseler as the first director for the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt on July 1, 1903. He remained managing director until his untimely death on March 21, 1904. His successor was effective April 1, 1904 the lawyer Friedrich Osmer, who held the position until 1910 and then went into business for himself with a “publishing house for social ethics and art care”.

In the capacity of owner of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, the board of the Berlin City Mission appointed the publisher Wilhelm Maus as director and in 1911 the bookseller Wilhelm Neumann, who had been with the company since 1906, as authorized signatory. Wilhelm Maus, who had also returned from World War I, went into business for himself by buying a publishing bookstore and traded under the name "Wollermann Verlagsbuchhandlung (W. Maus), Braunschweig". As of April 1919, the bookseller Wilhelm Neumann was given the management of the entire company. The chief accountant Fritz Oestreich was given a power of attorney covering all departments in 1918 and he died after a long illness in 1926. A subsequent authorized signatory was the director of Department III: Max Bartos. Like his previous predecessor, Köhler, he was entrusted with the management of the book printing company. The commercial agent was Ernst Zabel. A long-standing publishing director was the bookseller Artur Giesemann.

Book printing

When Max Bartos was in charge of the book printing company in 1927, there was a rotary printing press from Frankenthal (Palatinate) and another from the Augsburger Maschinenfabrik as well as two others from the Vogtland machine factory in Plauen, including a two-color rotary press for newspaper printing, in the press room on the first floor of the factory building . An older printing press from the Berlin company Hummel was kept in reserve. The high-speed presses and the platen presses worked on the first floor of the factory building. In a separate room on this floor there was the job typesetting for every random type of print. The typesetting machines were set up on the second floor. There the typesetters (hand typesetting) also had their workplaces next to the type cases with the different fonts for the typesetting, especially books and magazines. All floors, from basement to floor, were connected to one another by a freight elevator. The book printing plant had a total of seven platen printing presses, 15 high-speed presses, five rotary printing machines and 16 typesetting machines. The sample book of handwriting samples from the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt from the imperial era contained the typefaces and “other type treasures” used in the printing works for orientation both for the employees in the office and for customers. After the First World War, the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt often listed the fonts in the imprint, e.g. B. the “Unger Fraktur” with which the series “Our storytellers / series of German poetry of our time” was set, including the title “God's right favor. Stories from traveling and hiking ”by Otto Ernst. In the richly illustrated book “Hindenburg in New Germany” published on the occasion of the death of the Reich President in 1934, which was printed for the first time four years before the company's bankruptcy, it read after the copyright notice: “Set from the Wallau script and Tannenberg- Fracture". Shortly before the bankruptcy in 1938, the book printing company produced books for other publishers and advertised with the note: "Print: Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH, Berlin SW 61", as in the case of those published by Josef Singer Verlag AG in Berlin in 1937 Books by Alexandre Dumas "The Three Musketeers" and "Twenty Years After", which were translated into German by the translator and journalist Edmund Theodor Kauer (* 1889, † 1973) and provided with a foreword by him. The illustrations were by Maurice Leloir (* 1853; † 1940) and were reprinted from an earlier German publication from 1884.

The number of employees had increased by around 100 to 224 women and men within twenty years. When the workforce went to their place of work, the typesetters, proofreaders, bookbinders and other employees could read the motto of the Vaterländische Verlag- und Kunstanstalt below the window front on the fourth floor of the factory building: SOLI DEO GLORIA (only for God's glory). On October 1st, 1899, it was already standing on the wall on the courtyard side of this building that Ernst Evers had put into operation. This motto also adorned the printing house when Scholz-Druck GmbH continued to use it until it was bombed out in 1944. After the bankruptcy, the Association for Berlin City Mission had its newsletter Die Stadtmission, for which Pastor Ernst Bunke (* 1866; † 1944) was identified as the responsible editor in the imprint, printed by Scholz Druck, Berlin SW 61.

Church newspaper "The Reformation"

The Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt produced the church weekly newspaper Die Reformation with printing technology. The Reformation first appeared in the publishing house of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt around 1906, when the Berliner Stadtmission was the sole owner. An edition in the 30th year of the year that was declared as a “sample number” in the spring of 1936 had the subtitle “German Evangelical Church Newspaper for the Congregation” and contained a subscription advertisement with the request “Order 'The Reformation' today!” The ad indicated that that Adolf Stoecker and the city mission pastor Ernst Bunke had founded the parish newspaper with the aim of "fighting for the Bible and the confession." After the death of Stoecker, the Berlin church newspaper was continued by Wilhelm Philipps and Ernst Bunke. In the Third Reich, the Reformation sought to distinguish itself from the German Christians “its readers in the communities in which the firm will lives (s) not to deviate from the Lutheran creed and to uphold the Reformation legacy”. This editorial line was entirely in the spirit of the Confessing Church . In the newspaper advertising, it was further emphasized that the church newspaper saw itself as a “community sheet for biblical deepening of life in the communities” and therefore also as a “battle sheet against the falsification of the mandate and the shape of the church”.

The Reformation was printed by the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH at Johanniterstraße 4/5 in Berlin. At the beginning of 1935, however, a new editor was appointed with Fritz Söhlmann , a former YMCA secretary from Berlin. The new publisher was the “Junge Kirche” publishing house, Göttingen. The advertising manager Müller had his place of work there. Söhlmann, who was responsible for the editorial office, lived in Berlin-Lichterfelde at the time and was supported in his journalistic work by a group of pastors from Brandenburg, Braunschweig, Hanover, Mecklenburg, Oldenburg, Pomerania, Schleswig-Holstein and the Free State of Saxony. The print shop of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt promoted the acquisition of subscribers by making the order form reader-friendly to cut out so that it could be sent to the postal address of the print shop of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt.

Publisher's mark

Around 1921 the publishing house of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt used a publisher's signature for the first time . In 1925 another publisher's logo was designed for Hochweg-Verlag , which belongs to the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt , and was also printed on the inside cover of the books. The publisher's signets were typographically different. In an oval the capital letters are V over V & K, including the letter A, all for V aterländische V erlags- & K unst- A nstalt. The capital letter of the V s for "Vaterländisch" is designed like an ornate initial and ends in a spiral wound at the second leg of the V s. In some of the signets of the Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH / Berlin for books published after 1933, the inner surface of the oval is printed in black, while the abbreviations and the ampersand are in white. The second signet shows the lowercase letters h (for “up”) and w (for “away”) and v (for “publisher”) in a circle and - going beyond the circle - a cross placed on the h as a symbol for the Christian content of the products of the Hochweg publishing house . The Ernst Rötgers Verlag, Berlin used the first letters ER of the publisher's founder for its publications and put them from a Gothic font in a designed circle. The Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt in Berlin took care of the printing, for example, on the title page of the book “Die Lobsängerin der Gnade Gottes. The life picture of Sister Eva von Tiele-Winckler ”, written by the city mission inspector Walter Thieme at the time .

Publishing titles and authors

The Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt published books by authors, the majority of whom were already respected during their lifetime:

  • The life of Jesus in daily devotions. Adolf Stoecker (* 1835; † after 1909) [selection of texts and devotions: Countess Clara Bernstorff, member of the city mission]. 1903, popular edition 1906
  • Zion songs. Department I: Bookstore of the Berliner Stadtmission (I like to sing Zion songs at work and on my travels.) Edited by Richard Günzel, organist and music teacher, together with a city mission commission, 1905
  • From the study room of life. Johannes Besch, pastor in Gumbinnen / East Prussia (ed.). 1911, 4th revised and enlarged edition 1924
  • Serpentino, the contortionist. Philipp Krämer (* 1890; † 1970), 1914
  • Hindenburg. A picture of time and character. Paul Rüffer , (* 1873; † after 1939), 1915
  • Faith struggle and faith victory. Ernst Vits , (* 1868; † 1939), 1916
  • The tragedy in the emperor's life. Gerhard Tolzien , (* 1870; † 1946), 1914 to 1916
  • Images from the history of the Reformation of the Mark Brandenburg. To commemorate the 400th anniversary of Luther's commitment to the Reformation before the Reichstag in Worms on April 18, 1521. Ludwig Lehmann , (* 1877 - † 1947), pastor in Wittenberge , 1921
  • Children's and household tales collected by the Brothers Grimm with pen drawings by Franz Stassen , 2 vols., 1921
  • Fridericus Rex. Willibald Alexis (* 1798; † 1871), 1925
  • Pictures from the church history of the Mark Brandenburg from the end of the Reformation century to the three hundred year Reformation celebration in 1817. Ludwig Lehmann , (* 1877, † 1947), pastor in Wittenberge , 1924
  • Bonded. [Six stories]. Heinrich Spiero (* 1876; † 1947), 1926
  • From the unfulfilled. Friederike Henriette Kraze (* 1870; † 1936), 1927
  • Animal stories. Waldemar Bonsels , (* 1880; † 1952), 1928
  • Restlessness. Hans Friedrich Blunck (* 1888; † 1961), 1928
  • We women and the Christian school. Magdalene von Tiling (* 1877; † 1974), 1928
  • From the early days. Isolde Kurz (* 1853; † 1944), 1928
  • National Socialism. Ed .: Deutscher Werkmeister-Bund. - Eat; Publisher: Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, undated [approx. 1932], 16 pp.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the 1938 annual directory of the Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandels , the notices about the "comparison" were published in No. 55/1938 (U. 4) and the following "bankruptcy" in No. 73 (U. 3). The “U.” in front of the page number meant that the corresponding message was to be found in the advertisement section. (In the bound year there is sometimes no.72, which appeared on Saturday, March 26, 1938, and then No. 74, dated Tuesday, March 29, 1938, without the no.73. Issue no 55 in the bound year 1938, which came out on the weekend or beginning between Saturday, March 5th, 1938, and Tuesday, March 8th, 1938.)
  2. ^ Address book of the German book trade and the foreign bookselling companies that trade with it. 1938. The hundredth year. Verlag des Börsenverein der Deutschen Buchhandels zu Leipzig, p. 598 under "Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH, Berlin": Book and magazine publisher, range and Book printing. Managing Director Wilhelm Neumann
  3. ^ Max Dietrich: Seventy-five Years of the Berlin City Mission 1877. March 9, 1952. Published by the Berlin City Mission, Berlin 1952, p. 58
  4. ^ Address book of the German book trade and the foreign bookselling companies that trade with it. 1940. One hundred second year. Verlag des Börsenverein der Deutschen Buchhandels zu Leipzig, p. 582 under "Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH, Berlin"
  5. ^ Max Dietrich: Seventy-five Years of the Berlin City Mission 1877. March 9, 1952. Published by the Berlin City Mission, Berlin, 1952 p. 62
  6. ^ Max Dietrich: Seventy-five Years of the Berlin City Mission 1877. March 9, 1952. Published by the Berlin City Mission, Berlin 1952 p. 72
  7. ↑ Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 222
  8. ↑ Fatherland Publishing and Art Institute . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1904, Part I, p. 1959.
  9. ↑ Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 224
  10. ↑ Guide through the Church of Berlin, Ed .: Office of the Berlin City Committee for Inner Mission, Verlag von HJ Müller, Evangelische Buch- und Kunsthandlung (owner: C. Lützkendorf), Berlin, 1904, p. 142.
  11. ↑ Book printing . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1910, Part IV, p. 57 (advertisement).
  12. ↑ Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 224
  13. ↑ Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 224: The magazine Der Hochweg first appeared in October 1913.
  14. ^ Address book of the German book trade. 1940, one hundred second year, Verlag des Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels zu Leipzig, 1st department, p. 632, keyword: "Westdeutscher Jungmännerbund GmbH, Wuppertal-Barmen".
  15. ↑ Reinhard Würffel: Lexicon of German publishers from the beginning of book printing to 1945, addresses - data - facts - names. Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-9803147-1-5 , p. 369 f.
  16. ↑ Reinhard Würffel: Lexicon of German publishers from the beginning of book printing to 1945, addresses - data - facts - names. Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-9803147-1-5 , p. 370
  17. ^ Evangelical Central Archive Berlin Library; Signature: Z 2542 ( Memento of the original from April 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / eza.allegronet.de
  18. ^ Evangelical Central Archive Berlin Library; Call number: 2003/0404 ( Memento of the original from April 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / eza.allegronet.de
  19. ^ Address book of the German book trade 1932. Ninety-fourth year. Publishing house of the Börsenverein der Deutschen Buchhandels zu Leipzig, 1st department, p. 636 under "Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt., Berlin SW 61"
  20. ^ Address book of the German book trade 1938. Year one hundred. Publishing house of the Börsenverein der Deutschen Buchhandels zu Leipzig, 1st department, p. 598 under "Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH, Berlin SW 61"
  21. ↑ Note on the title page of Great Soldiers and Christians. The advance notice on the spine of volume II of this series, the publication of which was announced for autumn 1938, named Kraft und Licht in Berlin-Treptow as the publisher of the Stadtmissions-Verlag.
  22. ↑ z. B .: Postcards from the Brandenburg Albrechtsberg; Postmarked in Oderberg (Mark) on April 9, 1914 between 5 and 6 o'clock in the morning.
  23. ↑ "Kaiserworte" printed on the "picture page" and published by the "Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt" with the manufacturer's note on the address side; Postcard lexicon
  24. ↑ Picture postcard collection of the University of Osnabrück; Professor S. Giesbrecht
  25. ^ Description of the postcard: Oderberg, Malerwinkel in Oderberg i. M .; owned by the Inland Shipping Museum Oderberg; Information as of December 29, 2015
  26. ↑ Printed note on the anniversary cards with motifs by Matthäus Schiestl - Schudi 45 collection
  27. ↑ Norm data entry for Gustav Geiseler GND 1073415325 . Query date: December 21, 2016.
  28. ↑ Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 226
  29. ^ Oestreich, Fritz . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1921, part 1, p. 2186. “Prokurist”.
  30. ↑ Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 225
  31. ↑ Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 212 (with. Ill. By M. Bartos) and p. 225
  32. ↑ Address books 1920s / 1930s, e.g. B. Hochweg-Verlag Giesemann, Artur . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1935, part 1, p. 709.
  33. ↑ Statistical overview in Walter Thieme: 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Anniversary publication of the Berlin city mission. Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin 1927, p. 236
  34. ↑ Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin [1925]; DNB 579754146
  35. ↑ Publisher: Ewald Kimenkowski, Berlin [1934]; DNB 361054424
  36. ↑ Note on the back of the inside cover of both books.
  37. ^ Drawing of the building with typeface of the motto in Ernst Evers: Die Berliner Stadtmission. Verlag der Buchhandlung der Berliner Stadtmission, Berlin 1902, p. 146
  38. ↑ Book printers . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1943, part 2, p. 105 (column 1).
  39. ↑ Imprint in "Die Stadtmission", Verlag der Berliner Stadtmission, z. B. in No. 3/1941, p. 16.
  40. ^ The Reformation , 1936 / No. 11, Berlin, Sunday, May 24th, 30th year
  41. ↑ Imprint in No. 11/1936 of Die Reformation
  42. ↑ Söhlmann, Fritz . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1936, part 1, p. 2579. "Editor".
  43. ↑ Reinhard Würffel: Lexicon of German publishers from the beginning of book printing to 1945, addresses - data - facts - names. Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-9803147-1-5 , p. 370.
  44. ↑ For example, this form of the signet is printed on the title page of the illustrated book Hindenburg im Neuen Deutschland, edited by Ewald Kimentowski, Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt GmbH, Berlin (1934).
  45. ↑ The book cover was designed by the graphic artist Peter Thienhaus and it is named in the illustrated work along with the foreword by the author, Walter Thieme, from September 1932.
  46. ↑ Stoecker, Adolf . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Leipzig / Vienna 1909, volume 190, p. 49, column 1.
  47. ↑ GND 118715364 A story
  48. ↑ DNB 560669461 Verlag Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin, 1921
  49. ↑ DNB 572738692 Walther Rohl took care of the revision.
  50. ↑ DNB 578933136 stories
  51. ↑ DNB 578915081 stories
  52. ^ Library catalog in the holdings of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung library