Venus woman mirror
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Venus woman mirror ( Legousia speculum-veneris ) |
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| Legousia speculum-veneris | ||||||||||||
| (L.) Chaix |
The Venus woman's mirror ( Legousia speculum-veneris ), also called the Great Venus Mirror or Ordinary Woman's Mirror , is a member of the bellflower family (Campanulaceae). It blooms from June to August.
Appearance
The annual herbaceous plant reaches a stature height of 10 to 40 cm. It is upright to prostrate, branched and usually bare. The lower leaves are stalked and obovate, the upper ones are broadly lanceolate and sessile. They are 1 to 3 cm long, with entire or wavy teeth. The flowers are stalked and sit in terminal and lateral, little-flowered racemes or panicles . The crown is spread out and about 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter. It is divided almost to the bottom, dark purple and lighter on the outside. It has five broad, short pointed tips. These are as long or longer than the calyx tips. These stand from the fruit ripe. The calyx lobes are narrow-linear and pointed. The fruit is 1 to 1.5 cm long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
ecology
The flowers are strictly male, blue-violet "plate flowers" with a central white sap mark. There is a rich production of nectar . The periodic closing movements are remarkable: the flowers open in the morning and close late in the afternoon. Spontaneous self-pollination is not uncommon; Occasionally there is also cloyingogamy . As pollinators were Fly observed. Flowering time is from June to August.
The fruit is a pore capsule opening with 3 flaps below the tip. The light, hard-shelled seeds are wind and animal shakers, granule fliers; to this end, people spread as a cultural follower . Fruit ripening is from September.
distribution
Location requirements
The Venus-Frauenspiegel grows partly inconsistently in grain fields or in vineyards on summer-warm, moderately fresh, nutrient-rich and alkaline, mostly chalky loam and clay soils. In Central Europe it is a character species of the association Caucalidion lappulae.
General distribution
Legousia speculum-veneris occurs from southern to central Europe. East to West Asia (Iran) and south to North Africa. It is a sub-Mediterranean-Mediterranean floral element. In Austria and Switzerland the species occurs absent-mindedly or rarely.
Distribution in Germany
The Venus woman mirror occurs in Germany in the west and south scattered. Among other things, it is absent in the Alps and can occasionally be found abducted in the rest of the area.
Distribution in Switzerland
In Switzerland, the Venus women's mirror occurs mainly in the Central Plateau and Jura, but only very rarely in the Alps.
ecology
The Venus woman's mirror has roots up to 15 cm deep and is light-loving. The flowers show sleep movements.
Species protection
Endangerment in Germany and Switzerland: Category 3: endangered!
literature
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland , Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel, 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrierte Flora , 1972, Paul Parey publishing house, ISBN 3-489-68034-0
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora , Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Lauber, Konrad; Wagner, Gerhart: Flora Helvetica . Haupt Verlag, 4th edition, Bern, 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07205-0
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 896 .
Web links
- Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix, Real Women's Mirror. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Venus woman mirror . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved April 7, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Frauenspiegel data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )