People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR was an honorary title awarded to citizens of the Soviet Union .
Names and meaning
The term is used to connect two really different awards from the Russian to translate: The award Народный артист СССР ( Narodny artist SSSR ), which in the performing arts has been awarded and the award Народный художник СССР ( Narodny chudoschnik SSSR , such as: People's painter of the USSR ), which visual artists received.
As a preliminary stage, the title of Honored Artist of the USSR ( заслуженный артист СССР or заслуженный художник СССР ) was awarded.
The individual Union Republics and Autonomous Republics also had comparable awards, which were also mostly awarded as a preliminary stage to the honor in the entire Union .
- Russian SFSR Народный артист РСФСР ( People's Artist of the RSFSR )
- Azerbaijani SSR Азәрбајҹан ССР халг артисти
- Estonian SSR Eesti NSV rahvakunstnik
- Georgian SSR საქართველოს სსრ სახალხო არტისტი
- Kazakh SSR Қазақ КСР-ң халық әртісі
- Kyrgyz SSR Кыргыз ССР эл артисти
- Moldovan SSR артист ал попорулуй дин РСС Молдовеняскэ
- Latvian SSR Latvijas PSR Tautas mākslinieks
- Lithuanian SSR Lietuvos TSR liaudies artistas
- Ukrainian SSR Народний артист Української РСР
- Belarusian SSR Народны артыст Беларускай ССР
Sofija Rotaru, for example, became an Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR in 1973 , People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR in 1976, People 's Artist of the Moldovan SSR in 1983, and finally in 1988 People's Artist of the USSR .
The awards were given by the state and were associated with privileges and funds. In addition to the evaluation of the artistic work of the honoree, his line-loyal behavior played an essential role for the award. Artists and authors who criticized the CPSU were rarely given honors.
Performing arts
The title Narodny artist SSSR was awarded for exceptional performance in the performing arts. The laureates include the most outstanding composers, dancers, singers and directors from each republic. In total, the award was given 1006 times.
It was introduced in 1936 and replaced the older People's Artist of the Republic award , the first recipient of which was actress Maria Yermolova . The last people to be honored are Oleg Jankowski and Sofija Piljawskaja .
Originally only theater actors, ballet dancers and opera singers were considered laudabel. Little by little, film actors (e.g. Lyubov Orlova ), composers (e.g. Dmitri Shostakovich ), pop singers (e.g. Leonid Ulyossov ), comedians (e.g. Arkady Raikin ) and clowns ( e.g. Oleg Popov ) came along ).
Usually, an award for People's Artist of the USSR did not take place until the age of 40 at the earliest. Exceptions were made for ballet artists. So was Nadezhda Pavlova the title already with 28 years. The actor was Sergei Bondarchuk at age 32 the youngest in the actresses the daughter of Yuri Andropov Lyudmila Tschursina with 40th
Fine arts
The title Narodny chudoschnik SSSR was awarded for exceptional achievements in the visual arts: painters , sculptors , draftsmen and photographers were honored .
Other award-winning professions
- Architecture : Народный архитектор СССР ( Honored Architect of the People of the USSR )
- Education : Народный учитель СССР (People's Teacher of the USSR)
- Medicine : Народный врач СССР ( People's Doctor of the USSR)
See also
literature
- Georgi Kolesnikow, Alexander Roschkow: Ordena i medali SSSR . Narodnaja asweta, Minsk 1986, p. 99. (Russian)