Vernagtbach
| Vernagtbach | ||
 Vernagtbach valley, from the left the Guslarferner glacier stream flows into it |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | AT : 2-8-92-2 | |
| location | Ötztal Alps , Tyrol | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Rofenache → Venter Ache → Ötztaler Ache → Inn → Danube → Black Sea | |
| origin | from Vernagtferner 46 ° 52 ′ 5 ″ N , 10 ° 49 ′ 41 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 2870 m above sea level A. | |
| muzzle | in the Rofenache coordinates: 46 ° 50 ′ 14 ″ N , 10 ° 51 ′ 16 ″ E 46 ° 50 ′ 14 ″ N , 10 ° 51 ′ 16 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 2112 m above sea level A. | |
| Height difference | approx. 758 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 16% | |
| length | approx. 4.8 km | |
| Catchment area | 22.7 km² | |
| Discharge at the Vernagt A Eo gauge : 11.4 km² Location: 3.14 km above the mouth |
NNQ (10/31/1987) MNQ 1975–2009 MQ 1975–2009 Mq 1975–2009 MHQ 1975–2009 HHQ (08/05/2003) |
5 l / s 48 l / s 1.17 m³ / s 102.6 l / (s km²) 8.59 m³ / s 14.8 m³ / s |
| Communities | Soelden | |
 The mouth of the Vernagtbach (from left) into the Rofenache |
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The Vernagtbach is a glacier stream in the Ötztal Alps in Tyrol , Austria .
course
The Vernagtbach rises from the Vernagtferner at around 2870 m above sea level. A. and runs in a south to south-east direction. Below the Vernagthütte at an altitude of about 2550 m above sea level. A. flows from the west of the Guslarferner glacier brook . After almost 5 km the Vernagtbach flows into the Rofenache . On this route it overcomes a difference in altitude of over 750 meters, which corresponds to an average gradient of around 16%.
Catchment area
The catchment area of the Vernagtbach is 22.7 km². Of these (as of 2006) around 9.7 km² (43%) are glaciated, in 1988 it was 12.55 km² (56%). The highest point in the catchment area is the Hintere Brochkogel at 3628 m above sea level. A.
Water flow
At the Vernagtbach is at 2640 m above sea level. A. the highest level station in Austria. It is operated by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and is used in particular to determine the mass balance of the Vernagtferner using the hydrological method. 72% of the catchment area at the level is glaciated. The mean discharge is 1.17 m³ / s, which, due to the glacier, corresponds to an extremely high discharge rate of 103 l / s · km². The Vernagtbach has a glacial runoff regime with a strong amplitude, which is largely determined by the glacier. On average, more than half of the water comes from glacier melt, the remainder consists of melted snow or pouring rain. Typical for a glacier brook, the runoff shows strong daily and seasonal fluctuations. By far the largest part of the annual runoff occurs in the months of June to August with the highest monthly mean (MQ = 2.77 m³ / s) in July. As early as September, the runoff will decrease rapidly. In the winter months when the water level is shut down, the discharge is only a few 10 l / s. In summer in particular, the sun's rays and the high temperatures during the day lead to the melting of the glacier ice, which means that the runoff can increase by more than five times within a few hours.
In the last few decades a sharp decline in the Vernagtferners has been observed, which is reflected in a significant increase in the mean runoff. The mean runoff in the summer months from 1974–1980 to 2001–2009 almost doubled.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d TIRIS - Tyrolean regional planning and information system
- ↑ a b Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2009. 117th Volume. Vienna 2011, p. OG 93, PDF (12.1 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (yearbook 2009)
- ^ J. Abermann, A. Lambrecht, A. Fischer, M. Kuhn: Quantifying changes and trends in glacier area and volume in the Austrian Ötztal Alps (1969-1997-2006). In: The Cryosphere , 3 (2009), pp. 205-215, doi : 10.5194 / tc-3-205-2009
- ^ Max H. Fink, Otto Moog, Reinhard Wimmer: Flowing waters - natural areas of Austria . Federal Environment Agency Monographs Volume 128, Vienna 2000, p. 46 ( PDF; 475 kB )
- ^ H. Bergmann and O. Reinwarth: The Vernagtbach gauge station (Ötztal Alps). Planning, construction and measurement results. In: Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Vol. XII, Issue 2 (1976), pp. 157–180 ( PDF; 1.4 MB )
- ^ A b Ludwig N. Braun & Markus Weber: Glacier & Climate Change - Facts & Backgrounds. Commission for Earth Measurement and Glaciology of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Munich 2011 ( PDF; 1.5 MB )
- ^ Daniel Ketzer: Statistical-hydrological analysis of the discharge time series of the Vernagtferner, Ötztaler Alpen, for the period 1974 to 2009 . Bachelor thesis, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 2010 ( PDF; 3.8 MB )
- ↑ Heidi Escher-Vetter, Markus Weber, Ludwig N. Braun: Glacier behavior as climatic information - effects of climate changes on the water balance of alpine, partly glaciated areas. Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Commission for Glaciology, Munich 1998 ( PDF; 1.7 MB )