Vernonieae

Vernonieae
	Detail of the inflorescence with cup-shaped partial inflorescences of Vernonia noveboracensis
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Cichorioideae
Tribe :	Vernonieae
Scientific name
	Vernonieae
	Cass.

Vernonieae is a tribe in the Asteraceae plant family. The name honors the English botanist William Vernon . The total distribution is almost worldwide, predominantly in tropical to warm areas.

description

The species of the Tribus Vernonieae are herbaceous plants : annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous ; or woody plants: Half bushes , shrubs , rarely trees or vines . Vernonia arborea , native to tropical Asia, grows as a tree with heights of 20 to 33 meters. The leaves, which are mostly alternate and distributed in basal rosettes or on the stem, are predominantly sessile. The leaf blade is usually simple, often with more or less serrated, rarely smooth or lobed leaf margin; it is seldom divided.

In doldentraubigen to rispigen total inflorescences are basket-shaped part inflorescences together. The petals are fused to form a tube. This has five corolla lobes, which clearly shows that the corolla tube is made up of five petals. The petals are usually purple or pink, rarely white, but never yellow.

The achenes have a permanent pappus that has two rows of scales or bristles.

Systematics

According to Harold Ernest Robinson 1999, about 100 to 140 genera with about 1300 species belong to the Tribus Vernonieae . According to an earlier view of the genera, 80% of the species belonged to the genus Vernonia . According to today's view, there are only about 20 New World species in the genus Scheinastern ( Vernonia see str.).

Acilepis divergens

Adenoon indicum

Albertinia brasiliensis

Centratherum punctatum subsp. punctatum

Chresta curumbensis

Cyanthillium cinereum

Eirmocephala brachiata

Elephantopus tomentosus

Eremanthus capitatus

Lessingianthus roseus

Nothovernonia purpurea

Piptocarpha rotundifolia

Stokesia laevis

Inflorescence with cup-shaped partial inflorescences of Vernonia baldwinii

Vernonia gigantea

Genera

Here is a list with all 118 genera:

Acanthodesmos C.D.Adams & MCDU Quesnay
Acilepidopsis H.Rob. : With only one type:
- Acilepidopsis echitifolia (Mart. Ex DC.) H.Rob. : It was first described from Brazil.
Acilepis D.Don
Adenoon Dalzell : With only one species:
- Adenoon indicum Dalzell : It was first described from India.
Aedesia O. Hoffm .
Ageratinastrum Mattf.
Albertinia Spreng.
Ambassa Steetz : With only one type:
- Ambassa hochstetteri Steetz
Anteremanthus H.Rob.
Aynia H.Rob. : With only one type:
- Aynia pseudascaricida H.Rob. : It was first described from Peru.
Baccharoides Moench : The 30 or so species are common in tropical Africa and India.
Bechium DC.
Bishopalea H.Rob. : With only one type:
- Bishopalea erecta H.Rob. : It was first described from Brazil.
Blanchetia DC.
Bolanosa A.Gray : With only one species:
- Bolanosa coulteri A.Gray : It was first described from Mexico.
Bothriocline Olive. ex Benth. : The approximately 30 species are common in tropical Africa.
Brachythrix Wild & Pope
Brenandendron H.Rob.
Caatinganthus H.Rob.
Cabobanthus H.Rob.
Camchaya Gagnep.
Centauropsis Bojer ex DC.
Centrapalus Cass.
Centratherum Cass.
Chronopappus DC. : With only one type:
- Chronopappus bifrons DC. : It was first described from Brazil.
Chresta Vell. ex DC.
Critoniopsis Sch.Bip. : The approximately 76 species are common in the Neotropic. They are shrubs or small trees.
Chrysolaena H.Rob. : The nine species are distributed in South America, mainly in southern Brazil to northern Argentina. They are herbaceous plants of several years.
Cololobus H.Rob.
Cuatrecasanthus H.Robinson : The only three species thrive in the Andes. They are bushes.
Cyanthillium flower : The only three species are common in tropical Africa, Madagascar and Asia. Cyanthillium cinereum is a pantropical invasive plant .
Cyrtocymura H.Rob.
Dasyandantha H.Rob. : With only one type:
- Dasyandantha cuatrecasasiana (Aristeg.) H.Rob. : It was first described from Venezuela.
Dasyanthina H.Rob.
Decastylocarpus Humb. : With only one type:
- Decastylocarpus perrieri Humbert : It was first described from Madagascar.
Dewildemania O. Hoffm .
Diaphractanthus Humb. : With a kind:
- Diaphractanthus homolepis Humb. : It was first described from Madagascar.
Dipterocypsela S.F.Blake : With a species:
- Dipterocypsela succulenta S.F.Blake : It was first described from Colombia.
Distephanus Cass. : The approximately 24 species are common in the Paleotropic .
Echinocoryne H.Rob.
Eirmocephala H.Rob.
Elephantopus L.
Ekmania Gleason : With just one species:
- Ekmania lepidota Gleason : It was first described from Cuba.
Eremanthus Less.
Erlangea Sch.Bip. : The six or so species are common in tropical Africa.
Ethulia L. f. : The 19 species are mainly found in tropical Africa, but also in tropical Asia.
Gorceixia Baker : With only one species:
- Gorceixia decurrens Baker : It was first described from Brazil.
Gutenbergia Sch.Bip. ex Walp.
Gymnanthemum Cass.
Herderia Cass.
Harleya S.F.Blake : With only one species:
- Harleya oxylepis (Benth.) SFBlake : It was first described from Mexico.
Hesperomannia A. Gray
Heterocoma DC.
Heterocypsela H.Rob. : With only one type:
- Heterocypsela andersonii H.Rob. : It was first described from Brazil.
Hilliardiella H.Rob.
Hololepis DC.
Huberopappus Pruski : With only one species:
- Huberopappus maigualidae Pruski : It was first described from Venezuela.
Hystrichophora Mattf. : With only one type:
- Hystrichophora macrophylla Mattf. : It was first described from Tanzania.
Iodocephalus Thorel ex Gagnep.
Irwinia G.M.Barroso : With only one species:
- Irwinia coronata G.M.Barroso : It was first described from Brazil.
Joseanthus H.Robinson : The only five species thrive in the Andes. They are bushes or trees.
Kinghamia C.Jeffrey
Koyamasia H.Rob.
Lachnorhiza A.Rich.
Lampropappus ( O.Hoffm. ) H.Rob.
Lepidaploa (Cass.) Cass. : About 116 species in the Neotropic. There are both shrubs and herbaceous species.
Lepidonia S.F.Blake
Lessingianthus H.Rob.
Linzia Sch.Bip. ex Walpers
Lychnophora Mart.
Lychnophoriopsis Sch.Bip.
Manyonia H.Rob. : With only one type:
- Manyonia peculiaris (Verdc.) H.Rob. : It was first described from Tanzania.
Mattfeldanthus H.Rob. & RMKing
Mesanthophora H.Rob.
Minasia H.Rob.
Msuata O. Hoffm . : With only one type:
- Msuata buettneri O. Hoffm . : It was first described from tropical Africa.
Muschleria S.Moore
Myanmaria H.Rob. : With only one type:
- Myanmaria calycina (Wall. Ex DC.) H.Rob. : It was first described from Myanmar.
Neurolakis Mattf. : With only one type:
- Neurolakis modesta Mattf. : It was first described from Cameroon.
Nothovernonia H.Rob. & VAFunk : This genus, established in 2011, is distributed in tropical Africa with only two species.
Oiospermum Less.
Oliganthes Cass.
Omphalopappus O. Hoffm. : With only one type:
- Omphalopappus newtonii O. Hoffm . : It was first described from Angola.
Oocephala (SBJones) H.Rob.
Orbivestus H.Rob.
Orthopappus Gleason
Quechualia H.Rob.
Pacourina Aubl.
Paurolepis S.Moore
Phyllocephalum flower
Piptocarpha R.Br.
Piptocoma Cass.
Piptolepis Sch.Bip.
Pithecoseris Mart. ex DC. : With only one type:
- Pithecoseris pacourinoides Mart. ex DC. : It was first described from Brazil.
Pleurocarpaea Benth.
Polydora Fenzl
Prestelia Sch.Bip. : With only one type:
- Prestelia eriopus Sch.Bip. ex Baker : It was first described from Brazil.
Proteopsis Mart. & Zucc. ex Sch.Bip.
Pseudelephantopus pipe
Pseudopiptocarpha H.Rob.
Rastrophyllum Wild & Pope
Rolandra Rottb.
Sipolisia Glaz. ex Oliv. : With only one type:
- Sipolisia lanuginosa Glaz. ex Oliv. : It was first described from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
Soaresia Sch.Bip. : With only one type:
- Soaresia velutina Sch.Bip. : It was first described from Brazil.
Spiracantha Kunth
Stenocephalum Sch.Bip.
Stilpnopappus Mart. ex DC.
Stokesia L'Hèr. : It contains only one type:
- Cornflower aster ( Stokesia laevis (Hill) Greene )
Stramentopappus H.Rob. & VAFunk
Struchium P.Browne
Telmatophila Mart. ex Baker : With only one species:
- Telmatophila scolymastrum Mart. ex Baker : It was first described from Brazil.
Trepadonia H.Rob.
Trichospira Kunth
Vernonanthura H.Rob.
Scheinastern ( Vernonia Schreb. ): It only contains about 20 species in the New World after some genera have been separated out. They are large, perennial herbaceous plants.
Vernoniastrum H.Rob.
Xerxes J.R. Grant : With only one species:
- Xerxes ekmaniana (Philipson) JRGrant : It was first described from Brazil.
Xiphochaeta Poepp. : With only one type:
- Xiphochaeta aquatica Poepp. & Endl. : It was first described from Brazil.

use

Some species are eaten as leafy vegetables in Central and West Africa, such as Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Gdp. ex Walp. , Syn .: Vernonia amygdalina Delile = (bitter spinach, Ndolé ). Vernonia arkansana DC. , from southern North America, is cultivated in Europe as an ornamental plant.

swell

Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae. : Vernonieae, p. 214 - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae ), Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530563-9 (sections description and systematics)

Web links

Commons : Vernonieae - collection of images, videos and audio files

Vernonieae in forests of the Andes of Ecuador. (span.)
Vernonieae in South Africa. (engl.)