Vikerkaar
Vikerkaar (Eng. "Rainbow") is an Estonian cultural magazine that has been published since 1986 .
founding
The magazine was founded when Estonia was still de facto part of the Soviet Union, in which Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika policy had just begun. It was originally conceived as an organ of the communist party, which should support the modernization policy of Gorbachev and make the younger generation more familiar with culture. At the same time, a Russian edition was also published in Estonia under the name '' Raduga ''. The first editor-in-chief was Rein Veidemann , who had previously worked at Looming and thus had experience in producing magazines. In the early years, the magazine's main concern was "social and cultural innovation", which by and large also affected Gorbachev's renewal policy. The first issue appeared in July 1986 and caught the eye just because of its appearance, as it also contained color reproductions and stood out in style from the gray standard Soviet jargon. In terms of content, it was important that politically explosive topics were tackled from the beginning and not only wrote literary authors, but also politicians and scholars who later played a leading role in the regaining of Estonian independence, such as Edgar Savisaar (4/1986 - 2 / 1987), Siim Kallas (6/1986) or Mati Hint (6/1987 - 7/1987). At first the magazine received scolding from Moscow, but after the censorship was finally removed in the summer of 1989 (issue 7/1989 is the first without the notorious MB censorship number), Moscow no longer had any influence.
meaning
Since Vikerkaar also published original literature, the traditional literary magazine Looming suddenly had competition. This was the beginning of a pluralism of opinion unknown in the Soviet Union. At the height of the Singing Revolution , the magazine had a circulation of 54,000, i.e. H. one number to 19 Estonians, including infants and old people. This made it an important mouthpiece for the Singing Revolution. After regaining independence and normalization of literary life, the circulation level leveled off at around 1,500 copies. The magazine is still at the forefront of current cultural and political discussions in Estonia. Vikerkaar is also the first address in Estonia for the import of foreign intellectual ideas. The magazine is still published with the help of the Estonian Ministry of Culture. She is a member of the network of European cultural magazines eurozine .
Editors-in-chief
- 1986 - 1989 Rein Veidemann
- 1990 - 1994 Toivo Tasa
- Since 1995 Väljataga market .
Number of copies
- 1986 20,000
- 1987 34,000
- 1988 36,000
- 1989 53,000
- 1990 54,000
- 1991 10,800
- 1999-2010 1500
Trivia
For a long time there were errors and inconsistencies in the magazine's year count (printed in the imprint, not on the cover), which may be partly due to the fact that the first issue appeared in July and the 1986 year was half a year. The January 1994 issue correctly mentions the 9th year, but since May 1994 the note “8. Vintage". This error stuck for a long time, and only from 2003, the 18th year, is the report completely correct again, but only since the June issue. The double issue 1–2 / 2003 bears the note “16. Year ", 3/2003 is according to the imprint the" 17th Year ", 4–5 / 2003 but again the 16th (!), And from 6/2003 the correct" 18th Vintage".
Single receipts
- ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, p. 706.
- ^ Rein Veidemann: Edgar Savisaare tähelend. In: Kirjanduse jaosmaa. Koostanud Endel Mallene. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1988. pp. 144–149, here p. 146.
- ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt: A rainbow in the magazine sky. In: Estonia 3/1986, pp. 33-34.
- ↑ Mati Graf : Kalevipoja tagasitulek. 1978. aasta poliitilisest pööripäevast 1988. aasta suveräänsusdeklaratsioonini. Tallinn, Argo 2008, p. 377.
- ↑ www.eurozine.com
- ↑ Hendrik Alla. Vikerkaar vahendab eri sfääre. Postimees , June 29, 2011.