Violet-throated star hummingbird

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Violet-throated star hummingbird
Violet-throated Star Hummingbird ♂

Violet-throated Star Hummingbird ♂

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Calliphlox
Type : Violet-throated star hummingbird
Scientific name
Calliphlox bryantae
( Lawrence , 1867)

The violet- throated star hummingbird ( Calliphlox bryantae ) or magenta hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) found in Panama and Costa Rica . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern (not endangered).

features

Violet-throated Star Hummingbird, ♀

The male violet-throated star hummingbird reaches a body length of approximately 9 cm and a weight of approximately 3.3 g, the female a body length of approximately 7.5 cm with a weight of approximately 3.5 g. The male has a straight short black beak. The top is bronze green, the short central control springs are mottled black. The longer tiered lateral control springs are black with cinnamon-colored to reddish-brown inner flags. There is a white spot behind the eye. The throat is metallic purple, a color that is clearly distinguished from the white chest band. The chest and sides are green, the belly reddish brown. It has white to yellow-brown spots on the sides and rump. The top of the female is like that of the male. The ear-covers are grayish, the throat brown-yellow. The white chest band stands out less, the green of the chest and the sides is mixed with reddish brown elements. The tail is rounded, the lateral control feathers reddish brown with a black subterminal band and yellowish cinnamon-colored spots. Young birds are similar in color to the females, but they appear a little lighter on the underside and have brown-yellow fringes on the head and neck. Young males have smaller, females larger bright spots on the outer tail feathers.

Behavior and nutrition

The violet-throated star hummingbird gets its nectar from the flowers of smaller trees, e.g. B. of the genus Inga or the Quararibea belonging to the wool tree family , of shrubbery from the genus convertible rose and of herbs from the genus of lobelia . If only a few plants are available, he becomes contentious by chasing and scare away other competitors. Both sexes occasionally defend their territory very aggressively. During courtship, territorial males nosedive approach. The long forked tail is raised by the male while eating and is closed. In the case of aggressive courtship, it spreads this far apart. He hunts insects from their seat or by collecting them from the leaves.

Vocalizations

The singing of the violet-throated star hummingbird is a bright, fast medley of crackling and gurgling tones. The sounds include a bright sounding dry rolled drr is rapidly repeated three times, a dry cht and the scarecrows a bright sounding tu pipes.

Reproduction

The breeding season in Costa Rica is from November to April or even into April. The brooding male presumably performs mating dives on the Lek . Here he gathers in smaller groups. The lek is located on the edge of the forest where there are few or no flowers. The nest of the violet-throated star hummingbird has not yet been described.

Subspecies

The species is considered to be monotypical .

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the violet-throated star hummingbird

It prefers to move around forest edges and clearings, thinned forest areas, secondary vegetation, bushy pastures and semi-open mountain slopes. In Costa Rica it is found at altitudes between 700 and 1850 meters, in Panama between 1100 and 1750 meters.

migration

At least it moves on locally, as it occurs frequently to seldom in some parts of the year and is absent in the same place at other times. Nevertheless, little research has been done on its migration behavior.

Etymology and history of research

The violet- throated nymph was first described in 1867 by George Newbold Lawrence under the scientific name Doricha bryantae . The type specimen was Julian Carmiol collected in Costa Rica. In 1831 Friedrich Boie introduced the genus Calliphlox . This name is derived from the Greek words "kallos, kalos, καλλος, καλος " for "beauty, beautiful" and "phlox, phlogos, φλοξ, φλογος " for "flame". The species name »bryantae« is Elizabeth Brimmer Bryant born. Dedicated to Sohier (1823–1916), the wife of ornithologist Henry Bryant (1820–1867).

literature

Web links

Commons : Violet-throated Star Hummingbird ( Calliphlox bryantae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Frank Garfield Stiles Jr., u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 483.
  4. ^ Friedrich Boie, p. 544.
  5. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 85.
  6. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 484.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Boie placed the Amethyst Woodstar ( Calliphlox amethystina ( Boddaert , 1783)) (= Troch. Amethystinus Gm.), The Ruby- ( Archilochus colubris ( Linnaeus , 1758)) (= Troch. Colubris Linn.), The violet-throated Hummingbird ( Heliomaster squamosus ( Temminck , 1823)) (= Troch. Mesoleucos Tem col 317), the Lucifer star hummingbird ( Calothorax lucifer ( Swainson , 1827)) (= Troch. Corruscus Licht.), The rose-throated hummingbird ( Heliomaster longirostris ( Audebert & Vieillot , 1801)) (= Troch . longirostris Vieil.), the red-backed cinnamon ( Selasphorus rufus ( Gmelin, JF , 1788)) (= Troch. sitchensis Rathke), the ruby hummingbird ( Clytolaema rubricauda ( Boddaert , 1783)) (= Troch. ruficauda Vieill.), the Broad-tailed hummingbird ( Selasphorus platycercus ( Swainson , 1827)) (= Troch. Purpurinus light.) And Troch. gutturalis P. Max in the new genus.