Ruby Hummingbird

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Ruby Hummingbird
Ruby Hummingbird ♂

Ruby Hummingbird ♂

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Clytolaema
Type : Ruby Hummingbird
Scientific name of the  genus
Clytolaema
Gould , 1853
Scientific name of the  species
Clytolaema rubricauda
( Boddaert , 1783)

The ruby hummingbird ( Clytolaema rubricauda ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). It is the only species in the genus Clytolaema and is endemic to Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern . The ruby ​​hummingbird is not identical to the North American ruby- throated hummingbird .

features

Ruby Hummingbird ♀

The ruby ​​hummingbird reaches a body length of about 11.3 cm, with the wings 7.6 cm, the tail 4.4 cm and the straight black beak 1.9 cm long. The birds weigh only about 7 g. The sides of the head, the neck and the front back, as well as the belly of the male are dark green. The forehead and chest glitter strongly grass-green, with a red spot adorning the throat. The back is gold-bronze, the wings blackish purple. The red-brown tail has bronze-green outer hems on all feathers. There is a small white spot behind the eye. The feet are dark brown. Occasionally melanistic male specimens occur. There is a distinct gender dimorphism . So the top of the female is shiny green. Like the males, they have a small white spot postocularly and blackish-purple wings. The underside is maroon light, bronze green tail feathers, wherein the outer pairs of the control springs are completely colored ocher-brown. The following control springs are ocher colored with bronze colored ends and outer hems, as well as a pale end point. The bill and legs are colored like the male. Overall, the females are a bit smaller.

Reproduction

One egg weighs approx. 0.74 g and is 16.2 × 10.0 mm in size. The breeding season is from November to March. The incubation period is 15 days. The young birds are nestled for about 25 days before they leave the nest.

behavior

Clytolaema rubricauda

In 1978, Peter Feinsinger and Robert Knight Colwell defined five different roles for hummingbirds to live together. They differentiated between trapliners on plants with a high degree of reward, defenders of territory , trapliners on plants with a low degree of reward, territorial parasites or intruders and generalists. The male ruby ​​hummingbirds are classified in the group of territorialists, i.e. That is, they defend their territory aggressively against conspecifics and other hummingbird species. Occasionally they plunder a territory which is defended by white-throated hummingbirds ( Leucochloris albicollis ) ( Vieillot , 1818). If there are insufficient food resources, they also act as generalists. Due to their high energy requirements, they also fly to widely scattered flower crowns and occasionally take in nectar from sessile plants. The females are considered generalists and are less territorial.

food

The plant, which flies the ruby throated hummingbird that are members of the legume belonging genus Inga that the belt flower plants belonging to the genus Psittacanthus that the Gesneriengewächsen belonging kind Mendoncia coccinea , passion flower and the arrowroot plants belonging kind Stromanthe sanguinea . Insects catch the birds in flight by taking short hunting trips after flying off a branch and returning to the same or a different branch.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the ruby ​​hummingbird

The distribution area extends over the southeast of Brazil. Here you can find them from the state of Goiás via Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul . Here the birds like to stay in forests with araucarias , bushes, plantations and parks.

Vocalizations

Her voice sounds like jig, jig, jig , whereby this changes into a jüg chrrrrr, jüg cherrrr, jüg chrrrr in the singing .

Etymology and history of research

Pieter Boddaert described the hummingbird under the name Trochilus rubricauda . He did not name a location. It was John Gould who classified him in the delivery of 6 of his hummingbird tablets in 1853 in the new genus Clytolaema . This name is of Greek origin and is derived from "klutos, κλυτος " for "glorious, magnificent" and "laimos, λαιμος " for "throat, throat". The specific epithet »rubricauda« is derived from the Latin words »ruber, rubra« for »red« and »cauda, χλωρος « for »tail«.

literature

  • Rolf Grantsau : The hummingbirds of Brazil . A key for all hummingbird shapes in Brazil. Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 978-85-208-0101-7 .
  • Ber van Perlo: A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil . Oxford University Press, Oxford 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7 ( online [accessed October 21, 2014]).
  • David William Snow , Dante Luiz Martins Teixeira : Hummingbirds and their flowers in the coastal mountains of Southeastern Brazil . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 123 , no. 4 , 1982, ISSN  0021-8375 , pp. 446-450 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01643279 .
  • Peter Feinsinger, Robert Knight Colwell: Community organization among neotropical nectar-feeding birds . In: American Zoologist . tape 18 , no. 4 , 1978, ISSN  0003-1569 , pp. 779-795 , doi : 10.1093 / icb / 18.4.779 .
  • Ivan Sazima, Silvana Buzato, Marlies Sazima ,: An assemblage of hummingbird-pollinated flowers in a montane forest in southeastern Brazil . In: Botanica Acta . tape 109 , no. 2 , 1996, ISSN  0932-8629 , p. 327-334 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1438-8677.1996.tb00555.x .
  • Silvana Buzato, Marlies Sazima, Ivan Sazima: Pollination of three species of Abutilon (Malvaceae) intermediate between bat and hummingbird flower syndromes . In: Flora; Morphology, geobotany, ecophysiology . tape 189 , no. 4 , 1994, ISSN  0367-2530 , pp. 327-334 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Pieter Boddaert: Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton: avec les denominations de MM de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés . sine nomine , Utrecht 1783 ( online [accessed October 21, 2014]).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 4 , delivery 6. Taylor and Francis, London 1853 ( online [accessed October 21, 2014]).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( online [accessed October 21, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Ruby Hummingbird  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Rolf Grantsau, p. 110
  2. ↑ a b Ber van Perlo, p. 70.8
  3. ↑ a b Peter Feinsinger u. a., p. 783.
  4. ↑ a b Peter Feinsinger u. a., p. 784.
  5. ↑ Ivan Sazima et al. a., p. 157.
  6. ↑ David William Snow et al. a., p. 448.
  7. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  8. ↑ Pieter Boddaert, p. 17.
  9. ↑ John Gould, plate 249 plus text, volume 4. This corresponds to delivery 6 from 1853.
  10. ↑ Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, p. 47. The year of publication, delivery with the plates in A monograph of the Trochilidæ , is shown here.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 111.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 340.