Rose throat hummingbird

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Rose throat hummingbird
Rose throat hummingbird

Rose throat hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Mountain gems (Lampornithini)
Genre : Sun seeker ( Heliomaster )
Type : Rose throat hummingbird
Scientific name
Heliomaster longirostris
( Audebert & Vieillot , 1801)

The rose-throated hummingbird ( Heliomaster longirostris ), sometimes also called the rose throat , is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that lives in Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , Honduras , El Salvador , Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Panama , Colombia , Trinidad , Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana , Brazil , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The rose-throated hummingbird reaches a body length of around 11 to 12 cm, with a weight of around 5.5 to 7.1 g for males and around 6.5 g for females. The male has a long straight black beak. The top of the head glitters blue to green-blue, the rest of the top is rather dark bronze-green with a white stripe in the middle of the rump. The short tail with square shaped tips is distal colored black, the outer two to three feathers speckled white. There is a small white spot behind the eye. He also has a broad white line on his cheeks. The chin is black, the collar tab is metallic purple. The sides are bronze green, the central area of ​​the lower breast and abdomen are dull white. The tufts on the side of the rump are white. The gray under tail-coverts are lined with white. The female often has a bit of blue on the top of the head, but never as strong as the male. The collar tab is narrower, the rest of the underside is rather dark gray. Young birds of both sexes have a dark blackish collar patch, occasionally with a purple tinge. There is no blue color on the top of the head. The collar feathers, the head, the chest, the side and the back have wide tan fringes. The feathers on the back are more cinnamon-colored fringes.

Behavior and nutrition

The rose-throated hummingbird gets its nectar from the flowers of different plants, preferably large trees. He particularly likes coral trees with long, narrow corollas . It also flies to climbing vines, scrub, heliconias and planted bananas. Near forest edges and secondary vegetation, it looks for food in deeper strata than it usually does. As a trapliner, it regularly flies in rapid succession to blossoms from smaller trees, which are often spread over a wide area. Occasionally he defends trees with many blossoms against competitors. It often hovers high up in the air and aims at flies and mosquitoes at lightning speed. At least occasionally he collects arthropods including spiders , two-winged and hymenoptera from leaves.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the rose throated hummingbird is the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. In southern Mexico and Central America this is from October / November to February / March, in northern Colombia from September to October. No data are available for the other distribution areas. The wide, flat, goblet-like nest made of moss shoots, plant waste and cobwebs is decorated with gray lichen on the outside. He places this in the undergrowth or on horizontal branches, often from dead trees. It is often 4.5 to 12 meters above the ground. Occasionally, nests have been found on telephone poles. A clutch consists of two white eggs. The incubation period is 18 to 19 days. The nestlings fledge at 25 to 26 days. The chicks have a dark top. The throat and chest are covered with white tufts for about the first two weeks, which are more plentiful than in many other hummingbird species. After the nestlings have flown out, the parents continue to feed them for 22 to 23 days. A second brood in March / April was only rarely observed in Central America.

Vocalizations

His singing contains rich liquid tsip or tsu tones. During the hunt, it emits a squeaky chirping.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the rose throated hummingbird

The rose-throated hummingbird likes wetter areas than the spark-throated hummingbird ( Heliomaster constantii ). He prefers the treetops of the forest, especially with interruptions or at their edges, open forests, isolated groves and trees in pastures and clearings, gallery forests in open lands, secondary and semi-open vegetation. He avoids the shady interior of forests. It occurs in plains and mountain foothills, locally also at altitudes between 1400 and 1500 meters.

Subspecies

So far, three subspecies are known:

  • Heliomaster longirostris pallidiceps Gould , 1861 occurs from southern Mexico, via Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador to Nicaragua. The subspecies has a greenish blue skull, the sides of the chest are extensively golden bronze.
  • Heliomaster longirostris longirostris ( Audebert & Vieillot , 1801) is distributed from Costa Rica via Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru to Bolivia.
  • Heliomaster longirostris albicrissa Gould , 1871 occurs in western Ecuador and north-western Peru. In the subspecies the under tail-coverts are predominantly to completely white.

Heliomaster Stuartae Lawrence , 1860 is a synonym for the nominate form , Heliomaster longirostris masculinus Phillips, AR , 1966 a synonym for H. l. pallidiceps .

migration

The migratory behavior of the rose throated hummingbird has not yet been researched. In most areas its occurrence is very changeable and the species disappears completely at very specific times. In Costa Rica he comes e.g. E.g. when the coral trees bloom in the dry season from late November to early February. At other times he is almost entirely absent from this area.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the rose throated hummingbird was in 1801 by Jean Baptiste Audebert and Louis Pierre Vieillot under the scientific name Trochilus longirostris . The West Indies were given as the place where the type specimen was collected . It was James Parkinson who helped the writers research. It was in 1850 Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte who introduced the new Heliomaster genus . This Greek word structure is made up of the words “hēlios μεταλλον ” for “sun” and “mastēr μαστερ ” for “seeker”. The species name "longirostris" is a Latin word formation from "longus" for "long" and "-rostris, rostum" for "-beaked, beak". "Pallidiceps" is composed of "pallidus, pallere" for "being pale, pale" and "-ceps, caput, capitis" for "-headed, head". "Albicrissa" is a combination of "albus" for "white" and "crissum" for "rump, rump". “Stuartae” is dedicated to Mary McCrea Stuart (1810–1891), the wife of Robert Leighton Stuart (1806–1882). "Masculinus" stands for "male".

literature

  • Frank Garfield Stiles Jr., Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Long-billed Starthroat (Heliomaster longirostris) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jean Baptiste Audebert, Louis Pierre Vieillot: Oiseaux Dorés ou à Reflets Métalliques. Histoire Naturelle et Générale des Colibris, Oiseaux-Mouches, Jacamars et Promerops . tape 1 . Desray, Paris ( gallica.bnf.fr - 1801-1802).
  • John Gould: An introduction to the Trochilidæ: or family of humming-birds . Taylor and Francis, London 1861 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Description of six new humming birds . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1871 . 1871, p. 503-505 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of three new species of Humming-birds of Genera Heliomaster, Amazilia, and Mellisuga . In: Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 7 , 1860, p. 107-111 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Allan Robert Phillips: Further systematic notes on Mexican birds . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 86 , no. 6 , 1966, pp. 103-112 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte: Conspectus generum avium . tape 1 . EJ Brill, Leiden 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Rose-throated hummingbird ( Heliomaster longirostris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Frank Garfield Stiles Jr. u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ John Gould (1861), p. 139.
  4. ↑ a b Jean Baptiste Audebert u. a. (Edition 1), p. 107, plate 59.
  5. ^ John Gould (1871), p. 504.
  6. ↑ a b George Newbold Lawrence (1870), p. 107.
  7. ^ Allan Robert Phillips (1966), p. 105.
  8. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte (1850), p. 274.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 188
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 230.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 289.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 38.
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 243.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Bonaparte arranged the genus following species: Blaubart Kolibri ( Heliomaster furcifer ( Shaw , 1812)) (Syn: Ornismya Angelae , rose Kehl Hummingbird violet Kehl Kolibri ( Heliomaster squamosus ( Temminck , 1823)) (Syn: Trochilus mesoleucus ), the Rubin Kolibri ( Clytolaema rubricauda ( Boddaert , 1783)) (Syn: Trochilus rubineus ) and brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa rubinoides ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846))).