Brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird

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Brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird
Brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird

Brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Heliodoxa
Type : Brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird
Scientific name
Heliodoxa rubinoides
( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846)

The brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa rubinoides ) or brown-bellied brilliant is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area that extends over the countries of Colombia , Ecuador and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird reaches a body length of about 11.2 cm, with the slightly curved beak about 2.3 cm. The top of the males shimmers green. The underside is cinnamon brown and has green spots on the throat and the sides of the chest. The center of the lower part of the throat is adorned with a topaz purple spot. The slightly forked tail is copper green. The females are very similar, but do not have the topaz purple throat spot.

behavior

Mostly they are solitary in the lower and middle strata in the interior of the forest, occasionally also on the shady edges. You practically never see them in groups when collecting nectar from flowering trees.

Reproduction

At Cali in the western Andes, breeding mood was observed between January and May. Eggs were also discovered in the same area in April. In the north of the western Andes of Colombia, the breeding mood shifts to May.

Distribution area

Rarely and only in certain areas they occur in damp forests and cloud forests. They are also very rarely found in the Cueva de los Guácharos National Park . They move at altitudes between 1800 and 2600 meters, in the valley of the Río Magdalena possibly even up to 1000 meters. In Colombia they occur in the central Andes and on the western slopes of the east from the Departamento de Cundinamarca to the upper reaches of the Río Magdalena. In Ecuador they can be found from the province of Pichincha to the province of El Oro and the adjoining western area of ​​the province of Loja on the western slopes of the Andes. On the eastern slopes you can find them almost only in the province of Sucumbíos to the west of the province of Napo . Here you can meet them mainly in different places of the Cordillera de Huacamayos . In Peru they occur on the eastern slopes of the central Andes. In 2001 there was the first report on a specimen of the subspecies H. r. cervinigularis in the municipality of Cocapata in Bolivia .

Vocalizations

Their calls sound like a full choo that they utter in a long series.

Subspecies

Distribution area (green) of the bronze head amazilie

There are three known subspecies:

  • Heliodoxa rubinoides rubinoides ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846) - The nominate form occurs in central and eastern Colombia.
  • Heliodoxa rubinoides aequatorialis ( Gould , 1860) - This subspecies is found in western Colombia and western Ecuador. It is slightly larger than the nominate form. The throat spot is a little lighter and more reddish.
  • Heliodoxa rubinoides cervinigularis ( Salvin , 1892) - This subspecies is common in eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. In contrast to the nominate shape, the top of the head has a clearly glittering green central stripe.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier and Étienne Mulsant described the brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird under the name Trochilus rubinoides . They stated that the type specimen was found across the board as New Granada . It was not until 1850 that John Gould introduced the genus Heliodoxa u. a. for the brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird. This name is derived from the Greek words "hēlios, ἥλιος " for "sun" and "doxa, dekhomai δόξα, δέχομαι " for "splendor, glory, approve". The specific epithet is derived from the Latin »rubinus« for »ruby red« and the Greek »-οιδης, -oidēs -οιδης « for »similar«. »Aequatorialis« refers to the country Ecuador, from which the type specimen came. Cervinigularis is a Latin word structure from "cervinus" for "deer-colored" and "-gularis, gula" for "-throat, throat".

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 0-691-08372-X , pp. 277 ( books.google.de ).
  • Thomas Scott Schulenberg, Douglas Forrester Stotz, Daniel Franklin Lane, John Patton O'Neill, Theodore Albert Parker III : Birds of Peru . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2007, ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9 .
  • Swen Christoph Renner, Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann : The Fawn-breasted Brilliant Heliodoxa rubinoides, a hummingbird species new to Bolivia . In: Bulletin of The British Ornithologists' Club . tape 121 , no. 4 , 2001, p. 252-255 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy . tape 1 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8720-X .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of vingt espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie . tape 9 , 1846, pp. 312-332 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 22, 2016]).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 4 , delivery 19. Taylor and Francis, London 1860 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Osbert Salvin: Catalog of the Birds in the British Museum . tape 16 . Order of the Trustees, London 1892 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa rubinoides )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 277.
  2. ↑ a b c Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 278.
  3. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a., p. 363.
  4. ↑ a b Thomas Scott Schulenberg u. a., p. 232.
  5. ↑ Swen Christoph Renner u. a., p. 254.
  6. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  7. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 322.
  8. ^ A b John Gould, plate 269, & text.
  9. ↑ a b Osbert Salvin, p. 325.
  10. ↑ Osbert Salvin, pp. 324,325, plate 8, figure 2.
  11. ↑ John Gould, pp. 95 f.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 188.
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 340.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 97.

Remarks

  1. ^ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, Plate 269 of A monograph of the Trochilidæ corresponds to the 19th delivery. Plate 5 Goulds from 1860.
  2. ↑ In addition to the brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird, he also classified the green- browed brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa jacula Gould , 1850), the violet- browed brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa leadbeateri ( Bourcier , 1843)) and the ruby hummingbird ( Clytolaema rubricauda ( Syniodoxaert , 1783)) ( Boddaert , 1783) rubinia Gould , 1850) to the new genus. With the subspecies Heliodoxa leadbeateri otero , Gould did not seem entirely sure.