Green-fronted brilliant hummingbird

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Green-fronted brilliant hummingbird
Green-fronted brilliant hummingbird ♂

Green-fronted brilliant hummingbird ♂

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Heliodoxa
Type : Green-fronted brilliant hummingbird
Scientific name
Heliodoxa jacula
Gould , 1850

The green- fronted brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa jacula ) or green -headed brilliant is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that extends over the countries of Costa Rica , Panama , Colombia and Ecuador . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Green-fronted brilliant hummingbird ♀ on the feeder

The male green-fronted brilliant hummingbird reaches a body length of about 13 cm, females are slightly smaller at about 10.9 cm. The males are mostly green. The top of the head and most of the underside glisten green. It has a small purple spot in the lower part of the throat. The tail is relatively long and forked, with the central control feathers being bronze-green, the rest being blue-black. The females are green on the top with dark areas on the reins and cheeks. Behind the eye they have a white spot and a noticeable white line on the cheek. The underside is white with many green round spots, the throat looking whitest and on the belly more of a yellow-brown tint.

behavior

The behavior is similar to that of the violet-forehead brilliant hummingbird . He is considered a loner. Most of the time, he stays in the Straten at heights between 1 and 10 meters in the forest or in forest clearings. You are a trapliner, i. that is, they fly regularly in rapid succession to very specific, scattered flowers. They aggressively defend small areas with nectar-rich flowers. These are located in the lower to middle strata, less often in the treetops. You can see him regularly hunting insects. He never actually collects in groups. He gets their nectar from plants of the genus Inga , for example .

Reproduction

Not much is known about their breeding behavior. In May, green-browed brilliant hummingbirds were observed in the southeast of the Departamento de Antioquia in breeding mood. During the courtship season, birds were observed in Costa Rica that gave an endless tsiik-tsiik-tsiik ... of themselves.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the green-forehead brilliant hummingbird

They are seldom found in some areas, but often in damp forests, on the edges of forests and in the adjacent clearings on the foothills and the high mountains of Panama. There are reports from the province of Chiriquí , less often on the Volcán Barú and in the province of Bocas del Toro , from the province of Veraguas , in the west of the province of Coclé . In the eastern provinces they occur in the El Copé National Park , the western part of San Blas on Cerro Brewster and in the east of the Darién province . Mostly they move at altitudes between 510 and 2100 meters. In Colombia they occur at altitudes between 500 and 1500 meters. Here you can meet them at the cross-border Cerro Tacarcuna . Otherwise they are common at the northern end of the western and central Andes, the eastern slopes of the central Andes of the Departamento de Caldas and in Cundinamarca in the east on both Andean slopes. In Ecuador, it is the west where populations have been observed.

Subspecies

There are three known subspecies:

  • Heliodoxa jacula henryi Lawrence , 1867 - This subspecies occurs from Costa Rica to western Panama.
  • Heliodoxa jacula jacula Gould , 1850 - The nominate form occurs in eastern Panama as well as northern and central Colombia.
  • Heliodoxa jacula jamersoni ( Bourcier , 1851) - This subspecies is common in southwest Colombia and western Ecuador.

Etymology and history of research

John Gould described the green- browed brilliant hummingbird under the current name Heliodoxa jacula . The type specimen came from Santafé de Bogotá . With the species he introduced the new genus Heliodoxa . This name is derived from the Greek words "hēlios, ἡλιος " for "sun" and "doxa, dekhomai δοξα, δεχομαι " for "splendor, glory, approve". The specific epithet is derived from the Latin "iaculus, iacare, iaculum" for "throwing, throwing, spear". Jamersoni is dedicated to William Jameson (1796–1873). Henryi was awarded in honor of Joseph Henry (1797–1878).

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 0-691-08372-X ( books.google.de ).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, John A. Gwynne: A Guide to the Birds of Panama: With Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 1989, ISBN 978-0-691-02512-4 ( books.google.de ).
  • Julio E. Sánchez Pérez, Robert S. Mulvihill; Terry L. Master: First description of the nest and eggs of the Green-crowned Brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula), with some behavioral notes . In: Ornitologia Neotropical . tape 11 , no. 3 , 2000, pp. 189–196 ( ibiologia.unam.mx [PDF; 611 kB ]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • John Gould: Description of Two new Species with the characters of a new Genus of Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 17 , no. 195 , 1849, pp. 95-96 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jules Bourcier: Note on our espèces de trochilidées . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . tape 32 , 1851, pp. 186-188 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of Six New Species of Birds of the Families Hirundinidae, Formicaridae, Tyrannidae, and Trochilidae . In: Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 8 , 1866, pp. 400-405 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Green-fronted brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa jacula )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 278.
  2. ↑ a b c Robert Sterling Ridgely u. a., p. 221.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 402.
  5. ^ John Gould, p. 96.
  6. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier, p. 187.
  7. ^ John Gould (1849), pp. 95f.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 188.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 210.
  10. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 403.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Even though the 1849 issue was on the title page, this publication did not appear until 1850. In addition to the violet-forehead brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa leadbeateri ( Bourcier , 1843)), he also classified the green- forehead brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa jacula Gould ), 1850, the brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa rubinoides ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846)) and the ruby hummingbird ( Clytolaema rubricauda ( Boddaert , 1783)) (Syn: Heliodoxa rubinia Gould , 1850) belong to the new genus. With the subspecies Heliodoxa leadbeateri otero , Gould did not seem entirely sure.