Wladyslaw Kruczek

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Władysław Kruczek (1975)

Władysław Kruczek (born April 27, 1910 in Rzeszów ; † November 5, 2003 in Warsaw ) was a Polish politician of the Polish United Workers' Party ( Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza , PZPR) , who was among other things a member of the Sejm between 1961 and 1985 , from 1968 to 1980 member of the Politburo of the Central Committee (ZK) of the PZPR and between 1971 and 1980 chairman of the Central Council of the trade union federation.

Life

Youth and time of the Second World War

Kruczek, son of a railroad worker, joined the Polish Communist Youth Association ( Komunistyczny Związek Młodzieży Polskiej , KZMP) and the Communist Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP) in 1929 . He was arrested repeatedly in the 1930s for his communist activities and sentenced to three years' imprisonment in 1934. He then fled to the Soviet Union , where he was involved in the International Organization for Revolutionary Aid between 1939 and 1941. After the start of Operation Barbarossa , he joined the Red Army in 1941 and became a German prisoner of war , from which he was able to escape. In 1942 he joined the Polish Workers' Party ( Polska Partia Robotnicza , PPR) , which worked underground and emerged from the CPP, and the People's Guard ( Gwardia Ludowa , GL) . Shortly afterwards, however, he was arrested again by the German occupying forces and found successively with the number 62424 in Auschwitz , Oranienburg and finally in Sachsenhausen .

People's Republic of Poland

After his liberation from Sachsenhausen concentration camp, Kruczek became an employee of the PPR and was secretary of the city committee in Rzeszów . After the merger of PPR with the Polish Socialist Party ( Polska Partia Socjalistyczna , PPS) to the Polish United Workers 'Party ( Polish United Workers' Party ) in December 1948, he entered this in and was still secretary of the city committee Rzeszow and member of the Committee of the Rzeszów province before he graduated from party school in 1951. Subsequently he was secretary of the PZPR Committee of the Poznan Voivodeship between 1951 and 1952 and became First Secretary of the Party Committee of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship in 1952 . At the 2nd party congress of the PZPR from March 10th to 17th, 1954, he became a member of the Central Committee (ZK) of the PZPR for the first time . was a member of the extraordinary party congress from July 14 to 20, 1981. During this period belonged in the power struggle within the PZPR next Franciszek Jóźwiak , Viktor Klosiewicz , Zenon Nowak , Aleksander Zawadzki , Władysław Dworakowski , Hilary Chełchowski , Kazimierz Mijal , Franciszek Mazur , Bolesław Ruminski and Stanisław Lapot the influential Natolin- faction on.

Kruczek was the first secretary of the PZPR Committee of the Rzeszów Voivodeship from 1956 to 1971, which was to be seen as one of the "enemies of democratization" as being voted out of office, as the previous function in the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship was more important. In 1961 he was elected a member of the Sejm , to which he belonged from the third to the eighth legislative period. He supported the anti-Semitic campaign during the March 1968 riots in Poland and was elected a member of the Politburo of the PZPR Central Committee until December 2, 1968 because of his support for this action at the Fifth Party Congress from November 11 to 16, 1968 1980 belonged.

After finishing his work as First Party Secretary of the Rzeszów province Kruczek in 1971 successor of the course of the workers' uprising from 14 to 22 December 1970 resigned Ignacy Loga Sowiński as chairman of the Central Council of Trade Unions CRZZ (Zrzeszenie Związków Zawodowych) and held this position until his replacement by Jan Szydlak on August 26, 1980. Kruczek made his predecessor and Gomułka supporter the scapegoat for the poor functioning of “socialist democracy” and provided 300 million złoty (1971: 45.8 million D-Marks ) for urgent social tasks to disposal. The rebellious miners and ironworkers in Upper Silesia, however, did not want their rights to be bought from them: Even their functionaries reprimanded the "isolation and bureaucratization" of the union headquarters as early as January 1971 and demanded that the workers' self-government introduced under Gomułka but later ousted by Gomułka " functions again ”. In addition to the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the PZPR Gomułka and Loga-Sowiński as chairmen of the CRZZ, the Central Committee Secretary for Ideology Zenon Kliszko and the Central Committee Secretary for Economy Bolesław Jaszczuk were held responsible for the reasons and the suppression of the workers' uprising . In his keynote address in March 1971, Kruczek admitted that the unions had "alienated, bureaucratised and deformed themselves from the workers" in recent years.

Kruczek was also from 1971 to 1981 a member of the Presidium of the National Committee of the National United Front ( Front Jedności Narodu , FJN) , which was responsible for the list of candidates and monitoring the elections to the Sejm. From 1972 to 1980 he was deputy chairman and then from 1980 to 1982 a member of the State Council ( Rada Państwa ) . At the 7th party congress from December 8 to 12, 1975, as chairman of the CRZZ, he described the introduction of the labor code, which he called for at the CRZZ plenum in February 1971 as “one of the most urgent tasks of the labor movement” as a “constitution of rights and obligations of employees ”.

Between 1980 and 1981 he acted as chairman of the Central Party Control Commission of the PZPR and on December 13, 1981 was one of the signatories of the declaration of martial law . He was also a member of the Supreme Council of the Union of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy (Związek Bojowników o Wolność i Demokrację, ZBoWiD) and in 1983 became a member of the National Council of the Polish-Soviet Friendship Society ( Towarzystwo Przyjaźni Polsko-Radzieckiej , TPPR) .

honors and awards

Kruczek has been honored several times for his many years of service and received, among others, the Order of Builders of People's Poland (Order Budowniczych Polski Ludowej) , the Order of the Banner of Labor (Order Sztandaru Pracy) first and second class, the Partisan Cross (Krzyż Partyzancki) , in 1954 the medal for the 10th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland (Medal 10-lecia Polski Ludowej) , 1974 the medal for the 30th anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland (Medal 30-lecia Polski Ludowej) , 1984 the medal for the 40th anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland (Medal 40-lecia Polski Ludowej ) , the Medal for Merit in National Defense (Medal "Za zasługi dla obronności kraju") in gold, the badge for the 1000th anniversary of the Polish state (Odznaka 1000-lecia Państwa Polskiego) , the Badge of Merit of the Polish-Soviet Friendship Society (Odznaka Zasłużonego Działacza TPPR) , the medal “30. Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 " (Юбилейная медаль" Тридцать лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941-1945 and the medal "40 ") . Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 “ (Юбилейная медаль« Сорок лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941-1945 гг. »)

In 2008, the naming of a street in Rzeszów after him met with criticism.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The events of the 8th plenum of the PZPR Central Committee , p. 16
  2. ^ Biuro Polityczne Polskiej Zjednocznej Partii Robotniczej w latach 1948-1990
  3. ↑ POLAND / LABOR COUNCILS: blood and tears . In: Der Spiegel from January 18, 1971
  4. ↑ POLAND / WORKERS: Full mouth . In: Der Spiegel from March 1, 1971
  5. ↑ POLAND: This shame . In: Der Spiegel from June 28, 1971
  6. ↑ "Obedient Tool of Exploitation". The unions ruled by the Unity Party in Poland . In: Der Spiegel from September 1, 1980
  7. ^ Peter Huebner, Christa Huebner: Socialism as a social question: Social policy in the GDR and Poland, 1968-1976 , Verlag Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2008, ISBN 3-41220-203-7 , p. 328
  8. ↑ Patrizia Hey: The Soviet policy on Poland in the early 1980s and the imposition of martial law in the People's Republic of Poland: a real Soviet threat or a successful bluff? , Verlag LIT Verlag Münster, 2010, ISBN 3-64310-771-4 , pp. 169, 329
  9. ↑ Rzeszow names street names after communists . In: Polskie Radio from January 4, 2008
personal data
SURNAME Kruczek, Wladyslaw
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish trade unionist and politician, member of the Sejm
DATE OF BIRTH April 27, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Rzeszów
DATE OF DEATH November 5, 2003
Place of death Warsaw