Wallah (India)
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Wallah [ ˈvā.lā ] ( ) ( -वाला ) (sometimes written Vala, Wala or Walla ) is a Hindi word meaning "person who carries out a professional activity". At the time of British Raj (1858-1947) was by this term colloquially in colonial English the suffix -man replaced. Thus, for example, in British India of a Policeman , based on Hindi wallah Para a frequently Police wallah . Such a term - like other compositions of this kind - had no negative connotation , but was partially adopted as a popular self-designation . Even today, English personal designations with wallah can be found in the Hinglish .
Emergence
Due to the colonial era and the spread of English in India, correct English is still mixed with individual Hindi words in everyday language. This is known as Hinglish and is an independent variety of English. It is closely related to Indian English and its linguistic and grammatical peculiarities.
Every 15 years there is a vote on whether English will remain the official language in India. Representatives of a linguistic group who advocate establishing the Hindi spoken in northern India by around 40% of the total population of India as a lingua franca instead of English in the Tamil south of the country, refer to themselves as Hindi wallahs .
Examples
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English terms combined with wallah :
| term | pronunciation | job |
|---|---|---|
| Car wallah | ( ) | taxi driver |
| Biscuit wallah | ( ) | Biscuit seller, confectioner , confectioner |
| Bottle wallah | ( ) | Bottle collector (English bottle for "bottle") |
| Box wallah | ( ) | Small traders or peddlers who their goods out of boxes ( box sold) |
| Police wallah | ( ) | police officer |
| Story wallah | author | |
| Wedding wallah | Wedding planner |
Hindi terms combined with wallah :
| term | pronunciation | job |
|---|---|---|
| Dabba wallah | ( ) | Lunch delivery man |
| Dhobi wallah | ( ) | Employee of a laundry |
| Chai wallah | ( ) | Kellner , the tea served tea seller or outdoors Masala Chai offers |
| Pani wallah | Water seller | |
| Para wallah | ( ) | police officer |
| Punkah wallah | ( ) |
Servant who had to keep the fans running on hot nights ; now a term for an air conditioning technician |
| Rickshaw wallah | ( ) | Rickshaw driver |
Trivia
- Hindi wallahs began their political campaign in 1974 , the aim of which is to introduce Hindi as the official language in India instead of English.
- In the poem The Police-Wallah's Little Dinner from British India, the mulligatawny soup is praised.
- One Hell Of a Life - An Anglo-Indian Wallah's Memoir from the Last Decades of the Raj is a cultural and socially critical historical novel with a glossary of the most important Hinglish terms by Stan Blackford, a former captain of the Indian army .
- Policewala Gunda is a 1995 Bollywood film depicting the adventures of a police officer named "Gunda".
- In the movie Slumdog Millionaire , the main character is a chai wallah from a telephone company.
- The British historian George Otto Trevelyan describes in his work The Competition Wallah the upheavals in Indian society at the time of the British Raj .
- The British entertainer Sam Mayo (1875-1938) published in 1904 a song entitled Wallah, wallah, wallaperoo (alternative spelling with dashes detectable), the indigenous inhabitants of the British Raj on racist describes manner as inferior and uneducated people and beer halls in Great Britain was sung along by the (drunk) visitors.
- The book Story-Wallah: Short Fiction from South Asian Writers by Shyam Selvadurai is a collection of short stories mainly by Indian and Sri Lankan authors .
- The novel The Wedding Wallah of Farahad Zama deals with the events in a marriage agency.
literature
- Aggarwal, Narindar K .: A Bibliography of Studies on Hindi. Language and Linguistics. Indian Documentation Service, Gurgaon , Haryana , ²1978. No ISBN.
- Balasubramanian, Chandrika: Register Variation in Indian English. John Benjamin Publishing, 2009. ISBN 90-272-2311-4
- Kachru, Braj B .: The Indianization of English: the English language in India. Oxford University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-19-561353-8 .
- Lange, Claudia: The Syntax of Spoken Indian English. John Benjamin Publishing, 2012. ISBN 9027249059 .
- Sailaja, Pingali: Indian English. "Dialects of English" series. Edinburgh University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780748625956 .
Web links
- see also Indian English
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Leong-Salobir, Cecilia: Food Culture in Colonial Asia. A Taste of Empire. India, Malaysia, and Singapore. Taylor and Francis, 2011, p. 21, ISBN 978-1-136-72654-5 .
- ↑ Japander Gill: Vocabulary Advantage GRE / GMAT / CAT and Other Examinations, 1 / e. Pearson Education, 2011, p. 126. ISBN 9788131759219 .
- ^ Constitutional Provisions: Official Language Related Part-17 of The Constitution Of India . . Department of Official Language, Government of India . Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
- ↑ a b Political Science Review. Department of Political Science, University of Rajasthan, 1974. Volume 13, page 413.
- ↑ Entry in the Dictionary of Indian English , accessed on March 12, 2016.
- ↑ Blackford, Stan: One Hell Of a Life - An Anglo-Indian Wallah's Memoir from the Last Decades of the Raj . Amazon Digital Services LLC, 2014.
- ↑ Entry in the Internet Movie Database .
- ^ Entry in the catalog of the German National Library , accessed on November 10, 2019.
- ^ Entry in the catalog of the German National Library, accessed on November 10, 2019.
- ^ Andrews, Frank: Columbia 10 "Records, 1904-30 , City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society, London 1985.
- ^ Baker, Richard Anthony: British Music Hall: An Illustrated History . Barnsley , 2011. Page 244. ISBN 1783831189 .
