Wehrgraben (body of water, Steyr)

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Weir ditch defense water; old: Mühlwasser, Werkwasser, Saichgraben
Wehrgrabengasse.jpg
Data
Water code AT : GGN: 5537, 5540, 5528, 5530, 5531
location in Steyr , Upper Austria
Drain over Steyr  → Enns  → Danube  → Black Sea
River basin district Danube below Jochenstein (DUJ)
Diversion St. Anna weir of the Steyr near Steyrdorf-Wehrgraben
48 ° 2 ′ 32 ″  N , 14 ° 24 ′ 1 ″  E
Source height 295  m above sea level A.
muzzle below Haindlmühl weir of the Steyr near Innere Stadt Coordinates: 48 ° 2 '35 "  N , 14 ° 25' 11"  E 48 ° 2 '35 "  N , 14 ° 25' 11"  E
Mouth height 287  m above sea level A.
Height difference 8 m

length 1.6 km
Communities Steyr

The Wehrgraben , also called Wehrwasser , is a canal of the Steyr River in the statutory town of Steyr in Upper Austria .

Run, Hydrography, and History

The weir ditch is west of the old town upstream of the Steyr . It is a left side channel, and runs through the village of Wehrgraben in the Steyrdorf district .

The Mühlkanal is diverted at the St. Anna weir of the Steyr. There are then several weirs and two transfer channels back to the Steyr. After 1½ kilometers opposite the old town, it flows below the Haindlmühl weir of the Steyr, about 150 meters above the mouth of the Steyr. It carries about half of the normal water from the Steyr River.

The Mühlkanal was originally also called Saichgraben , a name that was mentioned in 1572 as "existing in many people's memories from ancient times", later Mühlwasser or Werkwasser .

It is probably a natural arm of the Steyr's course, which was once twisted here and which was built in the Middle Ages, in the 13th or 14th century at the latest. The canal was deepened in the 15th century. Already in 1529 and 1585 there were strict water management and legal regulations, the weir ditch regulations . In 1525 there are four commercial centers, known as “ Zeugstätten ”. In the 19th century, the Werndl-Werke, later the Österreichische Waffenfabriksgesellschaft , were established here , which then moved to the Steyr-Werke in Steyr – Ennsdorf . Until the early 20th century, a large number of the businesses here were shut down.

The first test site ( memorial lattice embroidery ) is located shortly after the start of the weir ditch, at the foot of the Hammerschmiedberg in old Aichet . There is a weir system here ( ⊙ ). The old Saggraben works canal , which was diverted below the St. Anna weir, has now been abandoned. This witness site is probably the oldest work. A paper mill (Neumühle) built around 1700 was later located here . The Plautzische saw , which was also converted into a paper mill in 1621, was located on the Saggraben .

North of the Gsang Island, below the Wiesenburg Bridge, is the Great Trap  ( ⊙ ), which regulates a relief channel back to the Steyr at the swimming school bridge.

Shortly downstream was the old Manchester factory ( monument cotton printing ), probably built in 1804 and expanded in 1826. It used to have a weir with a drain to the Steyr, which is now filled in.

The 2nd test site ( monument, residential, industrial complex ), south of Wieserfeld , at today's management bridge , is named in 1525 as Hans Pachs new stuff . and was also called Altmühle or paper stuff , here was another paper mill. The loop became a copper hammer in 1614, later a wire drawer, a scythe forge, and finally the house of Franz Werndl. The weir ( ⊙ ) operates a small hydropower plant built by Hack-Werke around 1910, which later supplied the electrical energy to the main plant of the Steyrwerke via a cable route. It was put into operation in 2007. There is also a second regulation weir, the copper hammer trap  ( ⊙ ), where the headwater is diverted to the Steyr. Today's Work World Museum is located at its mouth .

The 3rd test site ( monument machine house ) was at the southern end of the second city fortification, which included Aussersteyrdorf (Taborweg – Frauengasse). It was built in the 15th or 16th century. It had a company weir ( ⊙ ), an overflow and a small works canal to the Steyr, which no longer exist today.

Shortly afterwards, at the mouth, the 4th test site was built (various architectural monuments Hack-Werk, etc.), with what is now also known as Hack-Wehr  ( ⊙ ). This is where the Millnerhammer was located (today a technical college), which can be traced back to 1584. In 1864 this mill became Object I of the Werndl'schen Waffenfabrik und Sägemühle , originally located in Oberletten near Sierning, which expanded over the entire area over the next few years. There was also a flour mill that had six water wheels running in 1750 (one water wheel still in use for electricity generation by the municipality). The facilities became the Hack'sche knife and cutlery factory in 1875.

In between there were land, woodpiling areas and cabbage stalls. Today the canal is lined with numerous other historical buildings, both commercial and bourgeois residences, which were built over time.

In the 1970s, the last power stations in the weir ditch were finally shut down and dismantled. In 1972 the Steyr municipal council decided to fill in the channel through the weir ditch and to fill in the gained area with modern housing. After initial resistance and an appraisal from the Vienna University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, the plans were concretized in 1980, which led to the foundation of the citizens' initiative “Save the Wehrgraben” under the Steyr art teacher Heribert Mader . In 1983 the plans to fill in the weir ditch were finally rejected. The whole canal has been under monument protection since 1987 as an important industrial historical testimony . The Steyrdorf protective ensemble has also been shown here since 2015 .

Web links

f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

Commons : Wehrgraben (Steyr)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Géza Hajós ( editor ), Ernst Bacher (edit): Steyrdorf. Weir ditch - Wieserfeld. Residential and industrial buildings in a historic suburb of Steyr in Upper Austria . Workbooks on Austrian art topography. Schroll, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-7031-0631-X .
  • Hans Stögmüller: Weir ditch. Guide through history and the world of work. Ennsthaler, Steyr 1992, ISBN 3-85068-238-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e DORIS: Subject Waters and Geology , Layer Small Waters - to be managed with stationing: 5537 (St. Anna-Wehr to old Saggraben 5527): 0.0873 km; 5540 (to the return of the old Saggraben): 0.2764 km; 5528 (to Big Trap; crossing 5529): 0.2626 km; 5530 (to Kupferhammerfalle, there diverted headwater 5532): 0.377 km; 5531 (to the mouth): 0.6092 km; all as Steyr .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g For an overview of the transverse structures, see bridge and hydraulic engineering. steyr.at (accessed September 14, 2017);
    as well as old regional recordings for the side channels, in particular the Franciscan cadastre around 1830 (DORIS, layer original map in various map themes; and all regional recordings online at Arcanum / Austrian State Archive: mapire.eu );
    Instead of Steyr . Stich, M. Merian, in GM Vischer: Topographia Austriae superioris modernae , Vienna 1674, plate 177 (picture file Wikimedia Commons).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Steyr. In: Vienna City and State Archives, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for City History Research: Austrian City Atlas ; Chapter economic and cultural development of the city, sales especially in the Steyrer Wehrgraben… (online mapire.eu; with map ) - with more precise sources, especially Lit. Stögmüller 1992, various Ss.
  4. ↑ Otto Ehler: The urban development of Steyr in the Middle Ages. In: Zeitschrift Oberösterreich , Vol. 36, 4/1986, p. 31 ( full article, p. 29–37, pdf , steyr.dahoam.net).
  5. ↑ Steyr street names: Wehrgrabengasse. steyr.at (accessed on October 28, 2016).
  6. ↑ a b c Friedrich Berndt, Hans Stögmüller: The paper mills of Steyr. In: Yearbook of the Steyr City Archives 2, 2010, pp. 9–44;
    Friedrich Berndt: Steyr paper watermarks. In: Publications of the cultural office of the city of Steyr , issue November 1950, pp. 20–28 ( article pdf , eReader , both steyr.dahoam.net).
  7. ↑ House image when former. Coppersmith hammer. steyrerdenkmal.wordpress.com, December 29, 2013 (accessed September 14, 2018).
  8. ↑ [oA]: Power plant at the historic weir ditch in Steyr revitalized. In: zek hydro , December 2014, pp. 44–45 ( article pdf , jank.net); online David Tscholl: Kraftwerk am Wehrgraben in Steyr , hydro.zek.at, May 22, 2015 (both accessed September 13, 2018).
  9. ↑ For an overview see Heinz Kern: Fabriks- u. Residential properties Josef Werndls. Lecture notes, 2011 (pdf, on steyrerpioniere.files.wordpress.com, accessed September 14, 2018).
  10. ↑ Wasserbuch Steyr Post number: 402/245 . e-gov.ooe.gv.at (updated).
  11. ↑ History of the Roundtable 7  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rt7.at.concepta.rz1-linz.net  
  12. ^ Official Journal of the City of Steyr , June 2007, p. 169.
  13. ↑ Erwin Quirchmayr: Steyr: Wehrgraben now under monument protection . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna April 24, 1987, p. 5 ( Arbeiter-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).