White banded shadow hummingbird

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White banded shadow hummingbird
White-banded shadow hummingbird (immatur)

White-banded shadow hummingbird (immatur)

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Hermits (Phaethornithinae)
Genre : Threnetes
Type : White banded shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
Threnetes ruckeri
( Bourcier , 1847)

The White Tie-Hermit ( Threnetes ruckeri ) or Bindenschwanzeremit is a species of bird in the family of hummingbirds (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that extends over the countries of Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Panama , Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras and Belize . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The white banded shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 10.2 cm, with the curved beak being about 3 cm. They have a weight of 5 g. The lower bill is yellow with a black tip. The top is bronze green. Behind the eye they have a black spot, which is bordered by a short yellow-brown line above and a thicker line below. The color of the throat is black and merges into chestnut red in the lower area of ​​the throat, chest and flanks. This in turn turns into a faded reddish to gray on the rest of the underside. The dark green-black tail has white tips. Only the central control springs have a white base. Immature whiteband shadow hummingbirds have greyish throats.

behavior

You are a trapliner, i. that is, they regularly fly in rapid succession to very specific, scattered flowers in the undergrowth. So heliconias and costus belong to their food sources, which are seldom above eye level. In Costa Rica they have been observed piercing longer tubular flowers such as basket marants ( Calathea ). They look for their insects in the thicket.

Reproduction

The males sing while sitting on low branches during courtship, constantly bobbing their tails back and forth. Their nest is a loose calyx made of roots and plants, held together by cobwebs and covered with heliconia leaves. Only the females do the hatching. In the north-west of Colombia, they were observed in breeding mood from January to May.

Vocalizations

Their sounds sound like a high- pitched forced tsiip, tik-tik-sit-ser-it , which they repeat every 5 seconds. Every now and then they give off a series of whistles that last four to five seconds. This starts lively and ends with a beep.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the white-banded shadow hummingbird

They move mainly in dense undergrowth and places with heliconias in secondary vegetation and overgrown forest edges. They are practically not found in full-grown forests. Occasionally they visit banana plantations and hilly landscapes. Very often they can be found on streams and other sun-drenched habitats, in case heliconias are found there.

Subspecies

There are three known subspecies:

  • Threnetes ruckeri ruckeri ( Bourcier , 1847) - The nominate form occurs in the north and west of Colombia to the east of Ecuador.
  • Threnetes ruckeri venezuelensis Cory , 1913 - This subspecies is common in north-western Venezuela.
  • Threnetes ruckeri ventosus Bangs & Penard, TE , 1924 - This subspecies occurs in eastern Guatemala via Belize to Panama.

The subspecies Threnetes ruckeri darienensis Bangs & Barbour , 1922, which can occasionally be found in the literature, is now considered a synonym.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the white banded shadow hummingbird under the name Trochilus Ruckeri . He did not know where the type specimen came from. It was not until 1852 that John Gould introduced the genus Threnetes . Only later was the white-banded shadow hummingbird assigned to the new genus. This name is derived from the Greek "thrēnētēs, thrēnos, threomai θρηνητης, θρηνος, θρεομαι " for "mourner, lament, scream". The specific epithet is dedicated to the British businessman, nature lover and art collector Sigismund Rucker (1815–1890). Ventosus is derived from the Latin "ventus" for "wind" and means fast like the wind . Venezuelensis refers to the country of Venezuela , darienensis to the province of Darién .

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown: A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( books.google.de ).
  • Steven Leon Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8 ( books.google.de ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , 1847, p. 42-47 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs, Thomas Edward Penard: The identity of Trochilus ruckeri Bourcier . In: Occasional papers of the Boston Society of Natural History . tape 5 , 1924, pp. 77-78 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs, Thomas Barbour: Birds from Darien . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College . tape 65 , no. 6 , 1922, pp. 191-229 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Charles Barney Cory: Descriptions of twenty-eight new species and subspecies of neotropical birds . In: Publication Field Museum of Natural History (=  Ornithological series ). tape 1 , no. 7 , 1913, pp. 283-292 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 1 , delivery 4. Taylor and Francis, London 1856 ( online ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( online ).
  • Étienne Mulsant, Édouard Verreaux: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches ou colibris constituant la famille des trochilidés . tape 1 . Deyrolle, Paris 1874 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : White-banded shadow hummingbird ( Threnetes ruckeri )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (1986), p. 251.
  2. ↑ a b c d Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (2003), p. 391.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier, p. 46.
  5. ^ A b Charles Barney Cory, p. 286.
  6. ↑ Outram Bangs et al. a. (1924), p. 77.
  7. ↑ Outram Bangs et al. a. (1922), p. 204.
  8. ↑ John Gould (1852), pp. 95f.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 385.
  10. ↑ Étienne Mulsant et al. a., p. 49.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 400.
  12. ↑ Outram Bangs et al. a. (1922), p. 191.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, p. 55, plates 13 and 15 appeared as part of delivery 4 from 1852. Here Gould arranged the orange-throated shadow hummingbird ( Threnetes leucurus ( Linnaeus , 1766)) and Threnetes antoniae ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1852) , a synonym for the soot-shadow hummingbird ( Threnetes niger ( Linnaeus , 1758)) of the genus.