Soot shadow hummingbird

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Soot shadow hummingbird
Soot shadow hummingbird

Soot shadow hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Hermits (Phaethornithinae)
Genre : Threnetes
Type : Soot shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
Threnetes niger
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The soot shadow hummingbird ( Threnetes niger ) or Mohreneremit is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that extends over parts of French Guiana and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The soot shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 10 to 12 cm, with the curved beak about 2.7 to 2.9 cm. The lower beak is lead gray with a black tip. The top of the male and chest is iridescent green. The throat is black, the underside uniformly brownish gray with some lighter tints. The female has shorter wings and a shorter tail. In addition, the beak is a little more secure than that of the males. The color on the throat stands out less than it does in the male. The chest and stomach have a shimmering tint that can be seen partially over the entire underside. Juvenile soot-shadow hummingbirds have ocher-colored fringes on the upper side feathers and light spots on the wing feathers.

behavior

Not much is known about his behavior. It is believed that it behaves similarly to the orange-throated shadow hummingbird. The preferred plants he flies to include heliconias and monotagma .

Vocalizations

Nothing is known about their singing. Earlier publications on their reputation come from the orange-throated shadow hummingbird ( Threnetes leucurus ( Linnaeus , 1766)), to which it was previously assigned as a subspecies.

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Threnetes niger niger ( Linnaeus , 1758) occurs in French Guiana and northeastern Brazil.
  • Threnetes niger loehkeni Grantsau , 1969 is widespread in northeastern Brazil north of the Amazon in the state of Pará .

The exact systematics of this species requires further research, as the status of T. n. Loehkeni is disputed in science. The orange-throated shadow hummingbird was also long considered another subspecies, but the South American Classification Committee has decided to split it into two species.

Etymology and history of research

Carl von Linné described the soot shadow hummingbird under the name Trochilus niger . The type specimen came loud first description of the West Indies . It was not until 1852 that John Gould introduced the genus Threnetes . This name is derived from the Greek "thrēnētēs, thrēnos, threomai θρηνητης, θρηνος, θρεομαι " for "mourner, lament, scream". The species name "niger" is the Latin word for "black, dark". “Loehkeni” honors Wilhelm Löhken (1925–1992), a friend of Grantsau's who went on collective expeditions with him.

literature

  • Christoph Hinkelmann , Guy Maxwell Kirwan , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Barbthroat (Threnetes niger) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Alexandre Aleixo, Fabíola Poletto, Maria de Fátima Cunha Lima, Eduardo Portes, Leonardo de Sousa Miranda: Notes on the Vertebrates of northern Pará, Brazil: a forgotten part of the Guianan Region, II. Avifauna . In: Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais . tape 6 , no. 1 , 2011, p. 11–65 ( researchgate.net [PDF; 2.0 MB ]).
  • Fabio Schunck, André C. De Luca, Vítor de Queiroz Piacentini, Marco Antônio Rego, Bruno Rennó, Aline H. Corrêa: Avifauna of two localities in the south of Amapá, Brazil, with comments on the distribution and taxonomy of some species . In: Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia . tape 19 , no. 2 , 2011, p. 93–112 ( researchgate.net [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . 10th edition. tape 1 . Imprensis Direct Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm 1758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Rolf Grantsau: Uma nova especie de Threnetes (Aves, Trochilidae) . In: Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo . tape 22 , no. 23 , 1969, p. 245-247 .
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 1 , delivery 4. Taylor and Francis, London 1856 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Sooty Shadow Hummingbird ( Threnetes niger )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Christoph Hinkelmann u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b Carl von Linné, p. 121.
  4. ↑ Rolf Grantsau, p. 247.
  5. ↑ Alexandre Aleixo, pp. 19-20.
  6. ^ Proposal (77) to South American Classification Committee: Split Threnetes leucurus from Threnetes niger
  7. ↑ John Gould (1852), pp. 95f.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 385.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 270.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 229.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, p. 55, plates 13 and 15 appeared as part of delivery 4 from 1852. Here Gould classified the orange-throated shadow hummingbird ( Threnetes leucurus ( Linnaeus , 1766)) and Threnetes antoniae ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1852) , a synonym for the soot-shadow hummingbird ( Threnetes niger ) of the genus.