Costus

Costus
	Costus afer (Syn: Costus deistelii )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Gingery (Zingiberales)
Family :	Costaceae
Genre :	Costus
Scientific name
	Costus
	L.

Costus is a genus in the family of Costaceae within the monocotyledonous plants (monocots). Some species of the genus are also called Kostwurz or spiral ginger or, somewhat misleadingly, ornamental ginger . About 100 species belong to this genus. In 2006, some species were separated into three new genera. The distribution is pan tropical with emphasis in the Neotropis and Oceania .

description

Illustration by Costus spectabilis

Costus spectabilis

Illustration by Costus villosissimus

Vegetative characteristics

Costus species are perennial herbaceous plants . They form rhizomes as persistence organs. Unlike their relatives, the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), they are not aromatic . Some taxa are succulent . The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are simple and divided into a petiole and a leaf blade.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences have large, often brightly colored bracts ( bracts ). The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold and zygomorphic . The sepals and the petals are each fused to form a tube. Of the original six stamens in each flower, only one is fertile. The other five stamens have grown together to form the so-called labellum . The ovary is subordinate.

The flower formula is:

{\ displaystyle \ downarrow \; K _ {(3)} \; C _ {(3)} \; A_ {1} ^ {5St} \; G _ {\ overline {(3)}}}

They form three-chambered, woody capsule fruits with many seeds. The black seeds have an aril (seed coat).

Systematics

Costus afer

Costus barbatus

Costus comosus

Spiral ginger ( Costus curvibracteatus )

Costus dubius

Inflorescence and flower of Costus malortieanus

Costus osae

Costus pictus

Costus pulverulentus

Costus tappenbeckianus

The genus Costus was established by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Costus L. are: Banksea J.Koenig , Jacuanga T.Lestib. , Cadalvena Fenzl . The Zander concise dictionary of plant names recommends the German name "Kostwurz" for the genus, which, however, has not yet established itself in all German trivial names for the species.

About 100 species belong to the genus Costus L.

Costus acanthocephalus K.Schum. : Sumatra.

Costus acreanus (Loes.) Meuse : Colombia to Bolivia and northern Brazil.

Costus acutissimus Maas & H.Maas : It was first described from Gabon in 2016.

Costus adolphi-friderici Loes. : Northeast Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Syn .: Costus deistelii K.Schum. , Costus megalobractea K.Schum. , Costus sarmentosus Bojer , Costus subbiflorus K.Schum. ): Tropical Africa.

Costus albiflos Maas & H.Maas : It was first described in 2016 from Cameroon and Gabon.

Costus allenii Maas : Central America to Venezuela.

Costus amazonicus (Loes.) JFMacbr. : With two subspecies in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

Costus arabicus L .: From the Caribbean to tropical South America.

Costus asplundii (Maas) Meuse : Southern Colombia to Peru.

Costus asteranthus Maas & H.Maas : Peru.

Costus aureus Maas & H.Maas : It was first described in 2016 by Liberia, Ivory Coast and Ghana.

Costus barbatus Suess. : Costa Rica.

Costus beckii Maas & H.Maas : Peru and Bolivia.

Costus bicolor J.Braun & K.Schum. : Cameroon.

Costus bracteatus Rowlee : Nicaragua to Panama.

Costus bullatus Meekiong, Muliati & Ipor : Sarawak .

Costus chartaceus Maas : Southeast Colombia and eastern Ecuador.

Costus chrysocephalus K.Schum. : Lesser Sunda Islands.

Costus claviger Benoist : Guiana, French Guiana, and Suriname.

Costus clemensiae Ridl. : Mindanao .

Costus comosus (Jacq.) Roscoe : With two varieties from southern Mexico to Ecuador.

Costus cordatus Meuse : Colombia.

Costus cupreifolius Maas : Colombia.

Spiral ginger ( Costus curvibracteatus ) Maas : It occurs from Nicaragua to Colombia.

Costus dendrophilus K.Schum. : Southwest Cameroon.

Costus dinklagei K.Schum. : Southeastern Nigeria to western tropical central Africa.

Costus dirzoi García-Mend. & G.Ibarra : Mexico.

Costus dubius (Afzel.) K.Schum. (Syn .: Costus maculatus Roscoe ): Tropical Africa.

Costus eburneus Meekiong, Muliati & Tawan : Sarawak

Costus erythrocoryne K.Schum. : Colombia to northern Peru.

Red-leaved spiral ginger or red-leaved ornamental ginger ( Costus erythrophyllus Loes. ): It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Brazil.

Costus erythrothyrsus Loes. : Southeast Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Peru, western Bolivia, and northern Brazil.

Costus fenestralis Maas & H.Maas : It wasfirst describedin 2016 from the area between southern Gabon and Cabinda .

Costus fissicalyx N.R.Salinas, Clavijo & Betancur : Colombia.

Costus fortalezae K.Schum. : Brazil.

Costus gabonensis Koechlin : Gabon to Congo region.

Costus geothyrsus K.Schum. : Ecuador.

Costus giganteus Welw. ex Ridl. : Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe and Annobón Provinceof Equatorial Guinea .

Costus glaucus Meuse : Nicaragua to Colombia.

Costus gracillimus Maas & H.Maas : It was first described in 2016 from tropical West Africa.

Costus guanaiensis Rusby : It occurs in three varieties from southern Mexico to tropical Central and South America with the Caribbean.

Costus juruanus K. Schum. : Northern Brazil.

Costus kupensis Maas & H.Maas : It was first described from Cameroon in 2016.

Costus laevis Ruiz & Pav .: Mexico to Bolivia.

Costus lasius Loes. : Nicaragua to northern Brazil.

Costus lateriflorus Baker (Syn .: Costus letestui Pellegr. ): Southeastern Nigeria to western tropical Central Africa.

Costus ledermannii Loes. : Southwest Cameroon.

Costus leucanthus Maas : Colombia and Ecuador.

Costus ligularis Baker (Syn .: Costus araneosus Gagnep. ): Cameroon and Gabon to the Congo region.

Costus lilaceus Maas & H.Maas : It was first described in 2016 from Cameroon and Gabon to the Congo region.

Costus lima K. Schum. : It occurs in two varieties from Honduras to Venezuela and Ecuador.

Costus loangensis H. Maas & Maas : It wasfirst describedfrom Gabon in 2012.

Costus longibracteolatus Meuse : Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Guiana and northern Brazil.

Costus louisii H. Maas & Maas : It was first described in Gabon in 2016.

Costus lucanusianus J.Braun & K.Schum. : Tropical West Africa to Ethiopia and northern Angola.

Costus maboumiensis Pellegr. : Gabon to the Congo region.

Costus macranthus K Schum. : Uganda to southern tropical Africa.

Costus malortieanus H. Wendl. : Honduras to Costa Rica.

Costus microcephalus K.Schum. : Borneo.

Costus montanus Maas : Costa Rica.

Costus mosaicus W.Bull : Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Costus muluensis Meekiong, Ipor & Tawan : Sarawak .

Costus mulus Meekiong, Ipor & Tawan : Sarawak.

Costus nimba H. Maas & Maas : It was first described in 2016 from the area from tropical West Africa to Cameroon.

Costus nitidus Maas : Costa Rica and Panama.

Costus oblongus S.Q.Tong : Southeastern Tibet to western Yunnan.

Costus oligophyllus K.Schum. : Malay Peninsula.

Costus osae Maas & H.Maas : Costa Rica and Colombia.

Costus phyllocephalus K.Schum. (Syn .: Costus dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand , Costus fissiligulatus Gagnep. , Costus foliaceus Lock & ADPoulsen , Costus nudicaulis Baker , Costus ubangiensis Gagnep. , Costus violaceus Koechlin ): Nigeria to southwestern Uganda and northern Zambia .

Costus pictus D.Don : Mexico to Costa Rica.

Costus plicatus Meuse : Costa Rica and Panama.

Costus plowmanii Meuse : Colombia.

Costus productus Gleason ex Maas : occurs with two varieties in southern Colombia and Peru.

Costus pulverulentus C. Presl : Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador.

Costus quasi-appendiculatus Woodson ex Maas : Bolivia.

Costus ricus Maas & H.Maas : Costa Rica.

Costus rumphianus Valeton ex K. Heyne : Moluccas.

Costus scaber Ruiz & Pav .: Mexico to Brazil and the Caribbean.

Costus worsei H.JPWinkl. : Nigeria to Cameroon.

Costus sepacuitensis Rowlee : Guatemala.

Costus spectabilis (Fenzl) K.Schum. : Tropical Africa.

Spiked Kostwurz ( Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. , Syn .: Costus cylindricus Jacq. , Alpinia spicata Jacq. , Costus stenophyllus Standl. & LOWilliams ): It occurs in Mexico and the Caribbean.

Spiral ginger or twisted Kostwurz ( Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe ): It occurs in two varieties in tropical South America.

Costus sprucei Meuse : Northern Brazil.

Costus stenophyllus Standl. & LOWilliams : Costa Rica.

Costus sulfureus K. Schum. : Sulawesi.

Costus talbotii Ridl. : Southeast Nigeria.

Costus tappenbeckianus J.Braun & K.Schum. (Syn .: Costus nemotrichus K.Schum. , Costus phaeotrichus Loes. ): Western tropical Central Africa.

Costus tonkinensis Gagnep. : Southern China to Northern Vietnam.

Costus ulei Loes. : Brazil.

Costus vargasii Maas & H.Maas : Peru.

Costus varzearum Meuse : Northern Brazil.

Costus villosissimus Jacq. : Mexico to Venezuela and the Caribbean.

Costus vinosus Maas : Panama.

Costus viridis S.Q.Tong : Western Yunnan.

Costus wilsonii Maas : Costa Rica and Panama.

Costus woodsonii Meuse : Nicaragua to Colombia.

Costus zamoranus Steyerm. : Colombia, Ecuador and western Bolivia.

Costus zingiberoides J.F. Macbr. : Peru.

Notice

The Indian costus root ( Saussurea lappa ; Syn .: Saussurea costus , Aplotaxis lappa , Theodorea costus , Aucklandia lappa , Aucklandia costus ), which provides the costus root (also costus root ), bears just a similar name, but belongs to the genus of the alpine clusters ( Saussurea ) in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The species Cheilocostus speciosus , also called Kost in the Middle Ages, was also called Kostwurz ( Costus speciosus Sm.).

swell

Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Costaceae. : Costus , p. 320 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .

Single references

^ Costus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ Robert Zander : Zander hand dictionary of plant names . Ed .: Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 13th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8001-5042-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Costus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 12, 2018.
↑ Dieter Lehmann: Two medical prescription books of the 15th century from the Upper Rhine. Part I: Text and Glossary. Horst Wellm, Pattensen / Han. 1985, now at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg (= Würzburg medical-historical research , 34), ISBN 3-921456-63-0 , p. 207.

Web links

Commons : Costus - collection of images, videos and audio files

[GRIN-1] Costus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[2] Robert Zander : Zander hand dictionary of plant names . Ed .: Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 13th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8001-5042-5 .

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Costus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 12, 2018.

[4] Dieter Lehmann: Two medical prescription books of the 15th century from the Upper Rhine. Part I: Text and Glossary. Horst Wellm, Pattensen / Han. 1985, now at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg (= Würzburg medical-historical research , 34), ISBN 3-921456-63-0 , p. 207.