Alpenscharten

Alpenscharten
Dwarf Alpenscharte ( Saussurea pygmaea )
Systematics
Euasterids II Order : Astern-like (Asterales) Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae) Subfamily : Carduoideae Tribe : Cardueae Genre : Alpenscharten
Scientific name
Saussurea
DC.

The saussurea ( Saussurea ) forms a genus in the subfamily of Carduoideae within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). The approximately 300 species thrive mainly in cool areas of the northern hemisphere .

description

Illustration of Saussurea veitchiana

Total inflorescence with flower baskets of Estonian saussurea ( Saussurea alpina subsp. Esthonica )

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the genus Alpenscharten are perennial herbaceous plants . Depending on the species, they reach heights of only 5 centimeters up to 3 meters. In some species, the whole plants or the inflorescences are as if wrapped in wool (depending on the altitude of the areas). The leaves are mostly in well-developed leaf rosettes and also alternately spiral on the stem.

Generative characteristics

The total inflorescences are composed of small cup-shaped inflorescences. Many bracts are usually three to five, rarely up to ten rows. As with all Carduoideae, only tubular flowers are present; in this genus ten to twenty per flower head.

The achenes are cylindrical or square to pentagonal. The pappus usually consists of two rows of bristles.

Systematics and distribution

Saussurea angustifolia

Filz-Alpenscharte ( Saussurea discolor )

Saussurea gossypiphora

Saussurea mihokokawakamiana

Saussurea nikoensis

Saussurea obvallata

Saussurea riederi

Saussurea savatieri

Saussurea triptera

Saussurea ussuriensis

Taxonomy

The genus Saussurea was in 1810 by Augustin Pyrame de Candolle in Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , Volume 16, pages 156 and 198-203, plates 10-13. set up. The botanical genus name Saussurea honors both the Swiss naturalist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799) and the Swiss natural scientist Nicolas Théodore de Saussure (1767–1845).

External system

The genus Saussurea belongs to subtribe Carduinae from the tribe Cardueae in the subfamily of Carduoideae within the family of the Asteraceae .

Species and their distribution

There are around 300 species of Saussurea , almost all of which are found in Eurasia . In North America, six species are widespread in northern Australia there is a way.

Here is a list of selected species:

• Saussurea abnormal Lipsch. : Himalaya .
• Saussurea acrophila Diels
• Saussurea albescens (DC ,.) Sch. Gdp. : Western Himalayas.
• Common Alpenscharte or Common Alpenscharte ( Saussurea alpina (L.) DC. ): Northern Europe and Central Europe , Northwestern Asia .
• Saussurea amara (L.) DC. : China , Russia .
• American Alpenscharte ( Saussurea americana D.C. Eaton ): Western North America.
• Saussurea amurensis Turcz. ex DC.
• Saussurea angustifolia (L.) DC. : Arctic Northeast Asia, Alaska, Canada.
• Saussurea auriculata (DC.) Sch. Gdp. : Himalayas, western China.
• Saussurea bhutkesh Fujikawa & H.Ohba : Himalaya.
• Saussurea bodinieri H.Lév.
• Saussurea bullockii Dunn
• Saussurea cana Ledeb.
• Saussurea candolleana (DC.) Wall. ex Sch.Bip. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea ceratocarpa Decne. : Cashmere .
• Saussurea chinnampoensis H.Lév. & Vaniot
• Saussurea chrysotricha Ludlow : Himalaya.
• Saussurea controversa DC.
• Saussurea cordifolia Hemsl.
• Indian costume root or costume plant ( Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. , Syn .: Saussurea lappa (Decne.) Sch.Bip. ): Eastern Himalaya.
• Saussurea crispa Vaniot : Himalaya.
• Saussurea deltoidea (DC.) Sch.Bip.
• Saussurea densa (Hook.) Rydb. : Arctic Northeast Asia, Canada , US state Montana .
• Saussurea dhwojii Kitam. : Himalaya.
• Filz-Alpenscharte or Zweifarben-Alpenscharte ( Saussurea discolor (Willd.) DC. ): Alpine Central Europe.
• Saussurea dolichopoda Diels
• Saussurea donkiah C.B. Clarke ex Spring. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea dutaillyana Franch. : China.
• Saussurea dzeurensis Franch. : China.
• Saussurea elegans Ledeb. : Caucasus region .
• Saussurea epilobioides Maxim. : China.
• Saussurea fastuosa (Decne.) Sch.Bip. : Himalayas, western China.
• Saussurea formosana Hayata : Taiwan.
• Saussurea forrestii Diels : Himalaya.
• Saussurea frondosa Hand .-- Mazz.
• Saussurea glandulosa Kitam. : Taiwan.
• Saussurea globosa F.H.Chen
• Saussurea gnaphalodes (Royle ex DC.) Sch. Gdp. : Himalayas, western China.
• Saussurea gossipiphora D.Don : Himalaya.
• Saussurea graminea Dunn
• Saussurea graminifolia Wall. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea grandifolia Maxim.
• Saussurea heteromalla (D.Don) Hand.-Mazz. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea hieracioides Hook. f. : Himalayas, western China.
• Saussurea hookeri C.B. Clarke : Himalayas.
• Saussurea involucrata (Kar. & Kir.) Sch.Bip. : Himalaya, China.
• Saussurea iodostegia Hance
• Saussurea japonica (Thunb.) DC.
• Saussurea kanaii Fujikawa & H.Ohba : Himalaya.
• Saussurea kanzanensis Kitam. : Taiwan.
• Saussurea kingii J.R.Drumm. ex CEC fish.
• Saussurea kiraisiensis Masam. : Taiwan.
• Saussurea laminamaensis Kitam. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea laniceps Hand .-- Mazz.
• Saussurea lanuginosa Vaniot
• Saussurea leontodontoides (DC.) Sch.Bip.
• Saussurea licentiana Hand.-Mazz.
• Saussurea likiangensis Franch.
• Saussurea linearifolia Ludlow
• Saussurea longifolia Franch.
• Saussurea manshurica Kom.
• Saussurea medusa Maxim.
• Saussurea mongolica Franch.
• Saussurea namikawae Kitam. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea neofranchetii Lipsch.
• Saussurea nepalensis Spreng. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea nigrescens Maxim.
• Saussurea nikoensis Franch. & Sav.
• Saussurea nishiokae Kitam.
• Saussurea nivea (DC.) Sch.Bip.
• Saussurea nuda Ledeb. : Alaska.
• Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Sch.Bip.
• Saussurea oligantha Franch.
• Saussurea otophylla Diels
• Saussurea pachyneura Franch. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea parviflora (Poir.) DC.
• Saussurea pectinata Bunge ex DC.
• Saussurea peguensis C.B. Clarke
• Saussurea phaeantha Maxim.
• Saussurea pinetorum Hand .-- Mazz.
• Saussurea piptathera Edgew. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea platyphyllaria Ludlow : Himalaya.
• Saussurea polycephala Hand .-- Mazz.
• Saussurea polystichoides Hook. f. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea populifolia Hemsl. : China.
• Saussurea porcii sword : Carpathian Mountains .
• Saussurea pulchella fish. ex Colla
• Dwarf Alpenscharte ( Saussurea pygmaea (Jacq.) Spreng. )
• Saussurea quercifolia W.W.Sm. : China.
• Saussurea riederi Herder
• Saussurea romuleifolia Franch. : China.
• Saussurea roylei (DC.) Sch.Bip. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea runcinata DC. : China.
• Saussurea salsa (Pall.) Spreng.
• Saussurea sessiliflora (Koidz.) Kitam. : Japan
• Saussurea simpsoniana (Fielding & Gardner) Lipsch. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea sobarocephala Diels : China.
• Saussurea spicata Kitam. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea stafleuana Lipsch. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea stella Maxim. : China.
• Saussurea stracheyana (Kuntze) Lipsch. : Himalaya.
• Xuelian sughoo C.B.Clarke : Himalayas.
• Saussurea tangutica Maxim. : Western Asia.
• Saussurea taraxacifolia (Lindl. Ex Royle) Wall. ex DC. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea topkegolensis H.Ohba & S.Akiyama : Himalaya.
• Saussurea tridactyla Sch.Bip. ex Hook. f. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea triptera Maxim. : Japan
• Saussurea turgaiensis B.Fedtsch. : Russia.
• Saussurea uniflora (DC.) Wall. ex Sch. Gdp. : Himalaya.
• Saussurea ussuriensis Maxim.
• Saussurea veitchiana J.R.Drumm. & Hutch.
• Saussurea velutina W.W. Sm.
• Saussurea viscida Hultén : Alaska .
• Saussurea weberi Hultén : Rocky Mountains .
• Saussurea wernerioides Sch.Bip. ex Hook. f.
• Xuelian Yakla C.B.Clarke

use

Especially Xuelian laniceps and Costus ( Saussurea costus ) (with the drug: Costuswurzel) have a pharmaceutical use.

swell

literature

• Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae. In Flora of North America , 2006, Volume 19: Saussurea , p. 165 - the same text online as the printed work. (engl.)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. online.
2. ^ Saussurea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
3. ↑ Entries on Saussurea at Plants For A Future

Web links

Commons : Alpenscharten ( Saussurea )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry in the Digital Flora of Taiwan . (English)
• The species occurring in Austria with links to profiles.

further reading

• Eckhard von Raab-Straube: Phylogenetic Relationships in Saussurea (Compositae, Cardueae) sensu lato, Inferred from Morphological, ITS and trnL-trnF Sequence Data, with a Synopsis of Himalaiella gen. Nov., Lipschitziella and Frolovia. In: Willdenowia, Volume 33, Issue 2, 2003, pp. 379-402. JSTOR 3997439 doi : 10.3372 / wi.33.33214
• Y.-S. Chen: Five new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Hengduan Mountains region, southwestern China. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 170, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 141–154. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.170.3.1