Willow lettuce
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Willow lettuce ( Lactuca saligna ), illustration |
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The Lactuca saligna ( Lactuca saligna ), also Weidenblättriger Cos called, is a plant from the genus lettuce ( Lactuca ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).
description
The willow lettuce is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of 30 to 60 (rarely up to 100) centimeters. The upright, branched stem is bare and whitish. The lower leaves are undivided to pinnate, with a few very narrow side lobes, the upper leaves have entire margins and are elongated to linear with an arrow-shaped base.
The paniculate whole inflorescence contains numerous cup-shaped inflorescences. The mostly almost seated cups stand individually or up to three on rod-shaped branches. Each cup contains only 6 to 15 light yellow ray florets . The light brown achenes are 5 to 8 mm long, seven to eight ribs and the beak is one and a half to three times as long as the lower part of the fruit.
The flowering period extends from July to August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Occurrence
The distribution area of the willow lettuce extends from the Mediterranean area to the Middle East and Central Asia . Neophytic occurrences exist in North America (Southeastern Canada, USA, Mexico), South America (Argentina, Uruguay) as well as in Australia and New Zealand. In Europe it occurs from southern Europe north to Central Europe, England and southern Russia. In Germany the willow lettuce is almost extinct today, there are only a few places where it is found in Baden-Württemberg. The causes of the decline are unclear.
The willow lettuce thrives on dry, nutrient-rich and base-rich loam or clay soils in weed fields of vineyards, on paths and ruderal sites . He loves warmth and carries salt. It thrives in societies of the order Agropyretalia or the association Onopordion acanthii.
Systematics
The willow lettuce was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .
literature
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 989 .
- Gerhard Wagenitz (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Volume VI. Part 4: Angiospermae, Dicotyledones 4 (Compositae 2, Matricaria - Hieracium) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-86020-9 (revised reprint of the 1st edition (Volume VI / 2 from 1929) with addendum).
- Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore): Lactuca saligna. In: Werner Greuter Eckhard von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
- Steffen Hammel: Protective measures for the willow lettuce. - Bl. Schwäb. Albver., 101 (3): 75; 1995
- Steffen Hammel: On the socialization of Lactuca saligna L. in a southern German place of growth. - pile. Roundbr. 31 (2): 171-174; Bochum, Göttingen; 1997
- Viera Feráková: Lactuca L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 330 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany. With chromosome atlas . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 , p. 280 .
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 989 .
- ^ Lactuca saligna in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 796, digitized
Web links
- Willow lettuce. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Willow lettuce . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Lactuca saligna L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Thomas Meyer: Lattich data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )