Wieladingen (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Wieladingen in the Zurich coat of arms , around 1340

The Lords of Wieladingen were a ministerial and aristocratic family that is documented in the 13th and 14th centuries in the southern Black Forest and sat there at Wieladingen Castle . The gentlemen of Wieladingen owned property on both sides of the High Rhine and were employed by the Säckingen women's monastery as Meier . In the course of the 14th century, the family sold a large part of their property, including the Meieramt, which was sold back to the Säckingen monastery. With Hartmann III. the lords of Wieladingen died out in the male line at the end of the 14th century.

Family table

A gentleman from Wieladingen was first mentioned in a document around the year 1240. The family relationships cannot always be determined for all family members, the following gentlemen from Wieladingen are currently known:

  • around 1240 a Rudolf von Wieladingen is mentioned
    • 1265–1305 a knight Ulrich von Wieladingen is named, probably a nephew of Rudolf. Due to a yearly donation for Rudolf and his son Wilhelm, they must have died before 1265. Burkard and Heinrich von Wieladingen, the latter a cleric, cannot be classified
    • For Ulrich I. (∞ Gisela) the children Ulrich II. Wieland (mentioned between 1278 and 1317), Rudolf II. (Mentioned between 1278 and 1329) ∞ Margarethe von Schliengen (mentioned 1307–1318), Hartman I. (mentioned between 1278 and 1322) and other children
      • Ulrich II. (∞ Anna von Wangen) had a daughter Verena, married to Hermann III. von Bellikon and a son Hartman II (occupied between 1307 and 1323)
        • Hartmann II. (∞Verena von Hunwil) had a son Ulrich III., Mentioned between 1333 and 1360 and married to Katharina von Grünenberg .
          • With Ulrichs III. Son of Hartman III. (∞ Verena von Dettingen), who is documented from 1354 to 1382 and died before May 25, 1394, the family probably died out in the male line.
Coat of arms of those from Stain in the Zurich coat of arms , around 1340

There was probably a kinship between the Lords of Wieladingen and the Lords of Stein . On the one hand, there is a great similarity between the two coats of arms, which both have the motif of the fiddle. On the other hand, the Säckingsche Meieramt was apparently divided between the two families. This division of the Meieramt could indicate an inheritance of the same. One possibility is that the line division of the original Meier dynasty (and the division of the Meieramt in general) went back to the line division of the Habsburgs in the middle of the 13th century, from which the "younger" line, in addition to the "older" line (the later royal dynasty) Habsburg-Laufenburg emerged . With this division of lines, the Kastvogtei over the Säckingen monastery under the two brothers Albrecht IV and Rudolf III. and possibly this also led to a division of lines and tasks among the associated ministerials. The geography of the Meierhöfe managed by the two families suggests that the von Stein family came to the younger Habsburg-Laufenburg line, the von Wieladingen family to the older line. With two witnesses named Hartmann and Rudolf, the names of the later lords of Wieladingen and Stein can already be found in a document in the Säckingen ministry in 1207. It is unclear whether and how the two witnesses are connected to the two later Meier families.

The later documents do not reveal a major role for the probable family relationship; Although the families seem to have had a friendly or amicable relationship, there is no evidence of a continued relationship. The original assignment to the two Habsburg families also seems to have reversed over time. From around the 1270s, the von Stein lords moved closer to the older Habsburg line, while the Wieladingers joined the entourage of the Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg in the 1290s, and probably in the course of the throne disputes between Albrecht of Austria and Adolf von Nassau .

possession

Ruin of Wieladingen Castle

Meier of the Säckingen monastery

The Lords of Wieladingen were Meier in the service of Säckingen Abbey . This had divided the Meieramt for its possessions in the Fricktal and southern Black Forest between the Lords of Stein and the Lords of Wieladingen. The extent of the Wieladingen area of ​​responsibility only becomes more precisely understandable in the 14th century. In a feudal lapel of November 16, 1333 Ulrich III. compared with Abbess Agness Säckingen that he had the Meier Office about the thing courtyards Hornussen , Murg , Oberhof , Herrischried and stone and Schliengen as a fief received from his father. Between 1333 and 1335 they lost half of the Meieramt through these courts to the Dukes of Austria . The remaining half, presumably without the Dinghof Schliengen, which had already been lost, was sold by the last Wieladinger Hartmann III. 1373 for 875 gold guilders to the pen. This half was first referred to in 1431 as the "Kleines Meieramt". The other half went to the Lords of Schönau until around 1364, possibly in the form of a fief from Austria, who by 1350 had inherited the Lords of Stein in their possession and office. The extent of the Meieramt of the Steiner together with the half formerly belonging to the Wieladers was first referred to in 1428 as the "Große Meieramt". However, its total extent can already be summarized in a feudal lapel from 1397. Before the early 15th century, however, the terms “Kleinmeier (amt)” and “Großmeier (amt)” did not exist; they were simply anachronistic and wrong in content for describing conditions in the 13th and 14th centuries. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Lords of Wieladingen also held the office of Meier over the Dinghof Stetten and a single farm in Schwörstadt , both of which they lost as a result of disputes with the Säckingen monastery around 1305/06. The Dinghof Schliengen was also withdrawn from them during this time, but according to the feudal lapel of 1333 they seem to have recovered it later, probably in the course of the 1320s.

Another possession

In addition to the Meieramt in the stiftsacking area, the Lords of Wieladingen also had other rights and goods on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but with a focus on the Hotzenwald . Some goods were collegiate fiefs , for example in Rheinsulz , Etzwihl , Alpfen and Birkingen . Other goods, land and rights could have been owned by the owner, e.g. B. in Nollingen , Hasel and "Alt-Wieladingen". The family probably had larger property near Schwörstadt and Öflingen to the east , including lower jurisdiction over Oberschwörstadt as a Habsburg fief and a castle that they probably built. The two places, and especially Schwörstadt, should probably form the focus of a rule independent of the monastery. The Wieladingers seem to have illegally appropriated monastery property, which in 1305 led to an arbitration award with an unfavorable outcome for them (see below).

Castles

The family seat of the Lords of Wieladingen was the castle of the same name in the Hotzenwald. Its upper part can be dated structurally to the early 13th century, the lower part to the late 13th or early 14th century. It was probably an "office castle" that the Säckingen monastery made available to the Meier family. Another castle owned by the family is documented in 1316 near Schwörstadt , when the wife of Hartmann II von Wieladingen sold her share of it to the Gatting Heinrich II vom Stein. The Schwörstädter Burg was probably built there at the end of the 13th century by the Lords of Wieladingen and was associated with the attempt to create a second focus of ownership in Schwörstadt, independent of the Säckingen monastery. Documents from the 14th century also show that an older or "old" Wieladingen castle must have existed, in the vicinity of which the Lords of Wieladingen owned an estate. The location of this castle is identified today with the "Heidenschmiede" elevation east of the village of Wieladingen. However, the castle only appears as a location in the documents and was probably already in ruins in the 14th century. Their function, builder and ownership are not known.

Ownership development

The Lords of Wieladingen are documented from around 1240, but with a greater density of evidence only since the beginning of the 14th century. Most of these documents are sales and awards to the Säckingen Abbey, to the Teutonic Order Coming in Beuggen and to other families, which in literature is seen as a sign of financial difficulties. In 1373 Hartmann III sold. even the remnants of his office for 875 gold florins to the Säckingen monastery. Possible explanations for the economic decline of the family are on the one hand the attainment of the knighthood and the associated higher expenses. On the other hand, at the end of the 13th century, the family seems to want to build its own small territorial rule around Schwörstadt , where a castle was built between 1278 and 1300. It also seems to have been alienated from monastic property, whereupon the monastery sued the Meier family. Due to an arbitration award in 1305, Ulrich von Wieladingen had to return the estranged property and pay compensation, and two dinghies, Schliengen and Stetten, were taken away from him. Further problems may have arisen when Rudolf II died and his nephew Ulrich III. was still a minor, which probably meant that the family's office was lost for a short time and Ulrich was only able to get it back as a fiefdom in 1333 .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Lords of Wieladingen on the coat of arms in the “beautiful house” in Basel, around 1290/1300

The coat of arms of the Lords of Wieladingen shows three overturned, d. H. downward-pointing red fiddles on a silver background. It is listed on the Zurich coat of arms from around 1300/10 . Based on this model, the municipality of Rickenbach, on whose boundary the Wieladingen castle ruins stand, included a red fallen fiddle on a silver background in their coat of arms. What is striking is the similarity to the coat of arms of the Herren vom Stein : Their coat of arms showed a right-slanted silver fiddle on a red background, although the contemporary color scheme is unclear, as only seals from the 13th and 14th centuries have survived. The depiction of the coat of arms in the Zurich coat of arms roll, preserved only in a clearly later copy, is an incorrect representation, as the fiddle there points downwards.

literature

  • Werner H. Frese: The gentlemen of Schönau. A contribution to the history of the Upper Rhine nobility (= research on Upper Rhine regional history. Volume 26). Freiburg u. a. 1975.
  • Andre Gutmann: Under the coat of arms of Fidel. The Lords of Wieladingen and the Lords of Stein between ministerialism and aristocratic rule (= research on the history of the Upper Rhine region. Vol. 55). With the collaboration of Christopher Schmidberger, Freiburg i. Br./München 2011 ( full text as PDF ).
  • Fridolin Jehle: The history of the Säckingen monastery . Archive edition of the city of Säckingen, Säckingen 1984. (Edition: Sauerländer, Aarau 1993, ISBN 3-7941-3690-X . (= Contributions to Aargauergeschichte vol. 4). Doi : 10.5169 / seals-110013 .
  • Thomas Kreutzer: Acquisition of property and rule on the Upper Rhine in the 14th century. In: Wernher von Schönau, Katharina Frings (Hrsg.): Adel an Ober- and Hochrhein. Contributions to the history of the barons of Schönau. Freiburg im Breisgau, 2001, ISBN 3-7930-9282-8 , pp. 99-124.
  • Aenne Schwoerbel: The Wieladingen castle ruins near Rickenbach in the Hotzenwald. State Monument Authority, Säckingen 1998.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ see the family table in Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , p. 524
  2. ↑ Schwoerbel, The Wieladingen castle ruins near Rickenbach in the Hotzenwald , p. 101f.
  3. ↑ see Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , Section 6.1.3
  4. ↑ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , p. 354
  5. ^ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of the Fidel , Section 6.3
  6. ↑ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , Sections 6.1.3 and 6.4
  7. ↑ On the Meieramt of the Wieladinger cf. in detail Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , pp. 90-104.
  8. ^ Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , pp. 93f., 98-101; Full text of the document ibid., P. 463f., Document 92
  9. ↑ Kreutzer, Acquisition of property and rule on the Upper Rhine in the 14th century , p. 103f., Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , p. 100f.
  10. ^ Frese, The Lords of Schönau - A contribution to the history of the Upper Rhine nobility , p. 104f .; Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , p. 102 with note 211; Regest ibid., P. 517, Urk 149
  11. ↑ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , p. 101f.
  12. ↑ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , p. 103
  13. ↑ Schwoerbel, The Wieladingen castle ruins near Rickenbach in the Hotzenwald , p. 98 and p. 138ff.
  14. ↑ Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , pp. 122–130
  15. ↑ Schwoerbel, The Wieladingen castle ruins near Rickenbach in the Hotzenwald , p. 117
  16. ↑ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , p. 156
  17. ↑ Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , pp. 170–173
  18. ↑ Schwoerbel, The Wieladingen castle ruins near Rickenbach in the Hotzenwald , p. 116, Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , p. 168ff.
  19. ^ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , p. 168ff.
  20. ↑ Schwoerbel, The Wieladingen castle ruins near Rickenbach in the Hotzenwald , p. 105
  21. ↑ For overviews of documents see Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , pp. 387-522
  22. ↑ Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , p. 101f.
  23. ↑ Gutmann, Unter dem Wappen der Fidel , p. 173ff., On the development of the ownership base in detail cf. ibid., pp. 105-173.
  24. ↑ Schwoerbel, The Wieladingen castle ruins near Rickenbach in the Hotzenwald , p. 100ff.
  25. ↑ For the coats of arms of both families cf. Gutmann, Under the coat of arms of Fidel , chap. 5, pp. 340-351.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on January 19, 2015 .