Wilhelm Carl Raydt

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Wilhelm Carl Ludwig Raydt (also: Rhaidt ; born February 1, 1843 in Lingen ; † April 21, 1908 in Stuttgart ) was a German chemist , high school teacher , inventor and entrepreneur .

Life

Wilhelm Raydt was born in Lingen in the Kingdom of Hanover in 1843 , the same year that the age of industrialization took off in the royal seat of Hanover with the inauguration of the first railway line at what would later become the main train station . In his hometown of Lingen, Raydt passed his Abitur at the Georgianum in order to then study in Hanover at the Technical University there , in Göttingen at the Georg-August University and in Berlin at the university there. In 1869 he received his doctorate in Göttingen on the subject of the expansion of solid and liquid bodies through heat and a new method for determining the same .

After his studies, Raydt worked as a senior teacher for mathematics and physics at what was then the Hanover high school .

In the early days of the German Empire , Wilhelm Raydt invented a method for "lifting loads in water and in the air" using compressed carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in 1877. Eurammon , an initiative for natural refrigerants, reported on Raydt :

“He liquefied CO 2 by means of a piston compressor at ambient temperature through water cooling. One of the first applications of CO 2 was lifting and moving a 5 ton anchor stone in the port of Kiel on behalf of the Imperial Navy . Raydt had a rubber balloon attached to the anchor stone by a diver and inflated the balloon with CO 2 from a steel bottle. This allowed the anchor stone to be moved to another place while floating. "

A little later, in 1880, Raydt found the "method and apparatus for impregnating, lifting and throwing water using drip liquid carbon dioxide" . Since 1881 he has also been involved in the construction of CO 2 machines in Hanover . The chemist Hugo Kunheim now acquired patents or licenses from Raydt for the Chemische Fabrik Kuhnheim & Co. based in Berlin-Niederschöneweide , which enabled "[...] the first industrial production of liquid CO2 in Germany" to begin there in 1882 . The Berlin company used Raydt's invention for the production of artificial mineral water and for beer dispensing systems .

"Hanoverian carbon dioxide industry and metal goods factory"; Specialties include: " Beer pressure equipment with liquid carbon dioxide (Raydt system)";
Letterhead of an invoice sheet from Franz Heuser & Co. at Glockseestrasse 37 in Hanover , dated late 1902; Lithograph by A. Brager & Scherrer

The entrepreneur Heinrich Dräger , founder of the Drägerwerke , reported in his memoirs published in 1914 ... on the content of a newspaper article from the 1880s: The "[...] inventor Dr. Rhaidt intends to fill [...] bottles with liquid carbon dioxide and use it to serve beer. That is why he would have connected with a company in Hanover and their devices would soon be on the market. ”At a pressure of at least 35 atmospheres , innkeepers - according to the newspaper writer - would hardly ever get such“ [...] bombs ”into their homes fetch and also "[...] the railways want to transport such explosive devices [... at that time probably not]".

Meanwhile, in 1884 Raydt had received British patent number 15475 for a “compression ice-making system using carbon dioxide”. Only around two years later, the Rotterdam- based company Rommenhöller & Co. brought down Raydt's patents in 1886, so that further CO 2 companies could now also emerge.

Between 1892 and until its dissolution in 1899, between 6 and 20 carbon dioxide producers had now joined together to form a sales group known as the “KohlensäureVerkaufs-Verein Ges. MbH”. In the "Deutsche Kohlensäure-Gesellschaft mbH" (DGK) founded as a new association in Berlin on January 1, 1901, all 30 German carbon dioxide plants had joined - with the exception of the Buse company.

From 1894 Raydt had a natural carbon dioxide source developed in the Neckar valley. He moved from Hanover to Stuttgart, where in 1895 he founded the corporation Kohlensäure-Industrie Dr. Raydt AG He also researched processes to separate carbon dioxide from flue gas .

Fonts (selection)

  • The Expansion of Solid and Liquid Bodies by Heat and a New Method for Determining Them , 1869

literature

  • Wilhelm Rothert : General Hannoversche Biography (in Gothic script ), Vol. 1: Hannoversche men and women since 1866 ; Hanover: Sponholtz, 1912, p. 362
  • Manfred Fickers: Raydt, Wilhelm Carl Ludwig (inventor, entrepreneur). In: Emsländische Geschichte , ed. from the Study Society for Emsland Regional History , Vol. 18 (2011), ISBN 978-3-9814041-3-5 , pp. 256-267

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The year 1842 is also given in the literature as a different year of birth , which according to the GWLB database was designated as "[...] (probably wrong)".
  2. ↑ Deviating from this, the GWLB names 1878 as the year of the invention.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Raydt, Wilhelm Carl Ludwig in the database of Niedersächsische Personen (new entry required) of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library (GWLB), edited on January 27, 2012, last accessed on 29. October 2016
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Carbon dioxide - CO2 - R 744 - (carbonic acid) / To the history of an interesting substance, In: eurammon-Information , No. 11, revised version from May 2011, ed. from eurammon, downloadable as a PDF document
  3. ^ Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Railway. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , pp. 153-156; here: p. 154.
  4. ↑ a b Georg Schwedt : Dynamic chemistry. Fast analyzes with test sticks , Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2015, ISBN 978-3-527-33911-2 and ISBN 3-527-33911-6 , p. 2; Preview over google books
  5. ↑ a b Manfred Fickers: 135 years ago: Lingener invents the tap , Grafschafter Nachrichten , June 27, 2016
personal data
SURNAME Raydt, Wilhelm Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rhaydt, Wilhelm Carl Ludwig; Rhaidt, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist, high school teacher, inventor and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Lingen
DATE OF DEATH April 21, 1908
Place of death Stuttgart