Business school

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A business school , Graduate School or Wirtschaftsuniversität is a college specializing in training subjects in the economics . In English and increasingly also in German, the term business school is used as a synonym. Business schools are various educational institutions that specialize in business studies.

The term business school has different meanings depending on the context. There are different (organizational) models of BS. The term BS can stand for February 2016

The core offer of many business schools is the Master of Business Administration . Vocational schools are also sometimes called business schools.

history

In 1819 entrepreneurs and economists (including Vital Roux and Jean-Baptiste Say ) founded the “Ecole Spéciale de Commerce et d'Industrie” (today's ESCP Europe ) in Paris, the world's first business school. The curriculum for business education included theoretical and practical approaches as well as educational simulation games . A third of the students came from outside France.

The history of the German business school is related to the development of the technical universities (TH). The efforts of the subject-oriented THs in the 19th century for academic recognition and formal equality with the universities were part of the discourse between a new humanist, educational-intellectual understanding of universities and a scientific, technical understanding of the THs of higher education. Exact "natural sciences with empirical methodology" gained in importance. This change in the understanding of science facilitated the establishment and further development of the practically oriented commercial colleges.

In Germany, the commercial colleges came into being at the turn of the 19th and early 20th centuries. As advanced training centers for business people, they often became the nucleus of the emerging economics and in some cases also became the forerunners of a private university system . For example, the Leipzig University of Commerce was founded in 1898 on the initiative of the Leipzig Chamber of Commerce . The curriculum included theoretical and practical content as well as lessons in foreign languages. Interdisciplinary curricula included the areas of Economics (later Economics), law, geography, commodities, science and technology, advertising and humanities. By 1915 most commercial colleges had been integrated into public universities and had adopted the universities' strong academic focus in their management teaching. The previously practical approach has largely been abandoned.

The London School of Economics (LSE) founded in 1895 was a model for the German advanced training system and the commercial college movement of the time . The LSE belonged to the model of the civic universities . In this model, several colleges were united under the roof of one university. Only the university had the right to award a degree to a college graduate.

As an early form of management school, the commercial colleges should be responsible “for the management of large companies and those business leaders for whom theoretical economic education is necessary”. They awarded their graduates a business diploma and trained practitioners who were needed as “educated, not learned business people” in modern business life. In 1923 the course “Economics” including the academic degree “Diplom-Volkswirt” was introduced. In 1924 the ministry decreed that “graduates of commercial colleges could be awarded the academic degree of a business graduate (Dipl.-Kfm.)”. For more historical background, see also the articles Economist and Diplom-Kaufmann .

Commercial colleges with different concepts and under different sponsorships emerged in Leipzig, Aachen and St. Gallen (1898), Cologne and Frankfurt (1901), Berlin (1906), Mannheim (1908), Munich (1910), Königsberg (1915) and Nuremberg ( 1919). The Frankfurt and Cologne commercial colleges were soon absorbed by the newly founded universities there, and the Munich commercial college was incorporated into the technical college in 1922 .

Development of the names

The old name commercial college is still in use today, especially in Northern and Eastern Europe (see also: List of Nordic commercial colleges ). Also in Germany nor individual business schools carry this designation, for example, the Graduate School of Management (since 2012 HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management). The Berlin Commercial College , which was independent from 1906 to 1946 (today part of the Humboldt University of Berlin ), was important in the past .

Well-known business universities include Vienna University of Economics , VŠE (Prague), Luigi Bocconi University of Economics (Milan), and Bratislava University of Economics .

The Community of European Management Schools (CEMS), founded in 1988, is an important cooperation between the world's leading business schools and universities with multinational companies and NGOs.

Admission requirements for applicants

Business schools have different admission requirements. The following criteria are widely used:

  • Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), a globally standardized test to measure the suitability for postgraduate business studies at the master’s level
  • Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), a standardized test that tests the knowledge of the English language of non-native speakers
  • a first academic degree (for MBA programs); In the USA, instead of a first degree, a degree that has not yet been completed, along with proof of grades for the duration of the first degree typical for the USA (four-year bachelor’s degree), is increasingly accepted.
  • first work experience (with MBA programs)
  • Letters of recommendation
  • one or more essays on given topics

Accreditation of business schools

The following institutions are of international importance for the accreditation of business schools:

Business schools that have all three major accreditations are called triple crowns . In Germany there is also FIBAA and ZEvA .

Rankings of business schools

A practically important but at the same time very controversial instrument for the qualitative comparison of business schools are rankings . The internationally best-known rankings, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, are:

  • Bloomberg Businessweek - Business School Rankings & Profiles
  • The Economist - Full-time MBA ranking
  • Eduniversal Business School Ranking
  • Financial Times - Business Education - Rankings
  • US News - Top Business Schools
  • Wall Street Journal - College Rankings

In Germany, many institutions and business publications carry out their own rankings, which the Center for University Development (CHE) compares with one another and with internationally known rankings. For the individual CHE rankings, there is a discussion of the methodological procedure on the CHE homepage. H. who was asked how for what, how was a ranking and a summary of the results. The CHE university ranking is published by the weekly newspaper Die Zeit .

The negative consequences of rankings on educational institutions a. Espeland & Sauder (2007) pointed out.

literature

  • Moritz Julius Bonn: The tasks of the commercial college Munich in: The tasks of the commercial college Munich. Speeches and greetings on the occasion of the opening ceremony. Munich 1911, pp. 15-24
  • Frank Zschaler: From the Holy Spirit Hospital to the Faculty of Economics. 110 years of political science and statistics seminar at the formerly royal Friederich Wilhelm University. 90 years of Handelshochschule Berlin , Berlin 1997
  • Herbert Zander: Founding of the commercial colleges in the German Empire (1898–1919) , Diss. Cologne, Cologne 2004 ( digitized version )
  • Rakesh Khurana: From Higher Aims to Hired Hands. The Social Transformation of American Business Schools and the Unfulfilled Promise of Management as a Profession . Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-691-12020-X (On the History of Business Schools).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ ESCP Europe, The World's First Business School. History of ESCP Europe. (No longer available online.) In: www.escpeurope.eu. 2016, archived from the original on July 10, 2018 ; accessed on February 17, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.escpeurope.eu
  2. ^ A. Renouard, Histoire de l'École supérieure de commerce de Paris , Raymond Castell éditions, 1999
  3. ↑ Andreas Kaplan (2017) Towards a Theory of European Business Culture: The Case of Management Education at the ESCP Europe Business School, in Suder Gabriele, Riviere Monica, Lindeque Johan (eds.), The Routledge Companion to European Business, Routledge, 113 -124 .
  4. ↑ a b Andreas Kaplan: European management and European business schools: Insights from the history of business schools. In: European Management Journal. 32, 2014, p. 529, doi: 10.1016 / y.emj.2014.03.006 .
  5. ↑ Zander (2004), p. 31 f.
  6. ^ Walter Rüegg (Ed.): History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: From the 19th Century to the Second World War (1800–1945) Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-36954-5
  7. ↑ Zschaler (1997), p. 19
  8. ↑ Bonn (1911), p. 23
  9. ↑ a b Dr. W. Prion: The doctrine of business operations. Book 1: The economic enterprise in the context of the overall economy. Julius Springer Berlin, 1935
  10. ^ Zander (2004), p. 175ff
  11. ↑ Article on Triple Crown in the Financial Times Deutschland ( Memento from May 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ What a ranking says  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Careers, October 17, 2008@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.karriere.de  
  13. ↑ Are university rankings essential for the competition? , Der Spiegel, September 3, 2009
  14. ^ Ranking business schools - The numbers game - Business schools hate rankings. Understandably , The Economist, October 10, 2002
  15. ↑ Espeland & Sauder (2007), doi: 10.1086 / 517897

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