Vladimir Naumowitsch Gribow

Wladimir Naumowitsch Gribov ( Russian Владимир Наумович Грибов , scientific transliteration Vladimir Naumovič Gribov , quoted in English as Vladimir Gribov; born March 25, 1930 in Leningrad ; † August 13, 1997 in Budapest ) was a leading Russian theoretical physicist who dealt with high energy physics and quantum field theory (QFT).

Life

Gribov completed his studies in Leningrad in 1952, initially did not find a job at the university as a Jew and then spent two years teaching at an evening school. In 1954 he was at the Joffe Institute (at that time the Physikalisch-Technische Institut, PTI) in Leningrad, where he soon de facto (if not officially) headed the theoretical department. From the late 1950s he attended Lev Landau's famous weekly seminars in Moscow, where he also met Isaak Pomeranschuk , with whom he became close friends and with whom he worked. In 1971, the theory department of the PTI, where Gribov was, part of the Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNPI) in Gatchina near Leningrad. In Leningrad he led a seminar on quantum field theory and elementary particle physics that was widely known in the Soviet Union (and internationally), but he himself was not allowed to travel abroad for decades. While not an open dissident, he was known to be an independent and critical spirit. From 1980 he was a professor at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics in Moscow and, from the 1990s, at the same time scientific councilor at the Central Institute for Physical Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He was also u. a. In the late 1990s he was visiting professor at the Institute for Nuclear Physics at the University of Bonn .

In 1991 he received the Sakurai Prize , he received the Alexander von Humboldt Prize and was the first to win the Landau Prize of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1971 . He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He was married twice and had a son Lenja Gribow, who was an aspiring theoretical physicist but was killed in a mountain accident in the Pamir Mountains, which hit Gribow hard. His second marriage was to the Hungarian Julia Nyiri.

The European Physical Society has been awarding the Gribov Medal in his honor since 2001 .

plant

Gribow took a prominent position in theoretical physics circles in the Soviet Union due to his universally admired physical intuition, comparable to Landau's in the 1950s and that of the physicists Arkadi Migdal and Pomeranschuk, who were also associated with the Landau seminar . He was the founder of an influential school of theoretical elementary particle physicists in Leningrad.

At the end of the 1950s, together with Pomeranschuk (after whom it is named), he developed the Pomeron concept in the theory of strong interaction, a hypothetical neutral particle that is supposed to explain the high-energy behavior of the scattering cross-sections. In the 1960s he was one of the leading scientists in the then much-researched Regge theory, developed it into a field theory (Reggeon Calculus, from 1968) and at the same time created connections to quantum field theories. These investigations into the high-energy behavior of the strong interactions were, however, sidelined from around 1973 by the successes of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which proved to be easily accessible in the area of short distances (" asymptotic freedom "). In the 1970s, however, Gribow continued to investigate non-perturbation-theoretical aspects of non-Abelian gauge theories ( Yang-Mills theory ). There he found a structure in the area of the calibration degrees of freedom, which also existed with Lorentz-covariant calibration fixation (Gribov Copies, 1977). He was one of the first to interpret instantons as tunnel solutions of topologically different vacuum states in gauge theories, independently of Gerardus' t Hooft and around the same time. After Seldowitsch he also anticipated Hawking radiation in discussions with him long before Hawking - Seldowitsch did not believe him at the time, however. At the end of the 1960s, Gribow developed, independently of Richard Feynman, the Parton image for deep inelastic scattering from hadrons . With Lew Lipatow he developed in 1971 an influential theory of logarithmic corrections in deep inelastic electron scattering on hadrons and of high-energy experiments with electron-positron annihilation from evolution equations for the structure functions ( Quark- Fluon distribution functions) of the hadrons, which is one of the foundations of perturbation theory Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) were ( DGLAP equations ). In 1968, together with Alexander Migdal , he investigated the scaling behavior during phase transitions using ideas from quantum field theory. A focus of his interest in later years were confinement mechanisms in non-Abelian gauge theories, whereby he took the view that these could not be explained by instanton or monopoly solutions of the classical versions of non-Abelian gauge theories, as is often assumed, but rather led them to a similar one Shielding mechanism, which also leads to an upper limit for the nuclear charge in quantum electrodynamics: a higher charge there generates supercritical fields with spontaneous vacuum polarization (generation of electron-positron pairs), from which the nuclear charge is reduced. Numerous theoretical concepts are named after Gribov (including Froissart-Gribov representation in Regge theory).

After moving to the Landau Institute in Moscow, despite his reputation, he was relatively isolated, as he continued to follow his own ideas on quark confinement (his main area of work since the mid-1970s) and the ideas of string theory and integrable (two-dimensional) current ideas in the 1980s Was reserved about field theories. Instead of in Moscow, he organized seminars in Odessa in the early 1980s.

Fonts

Strong interactions of hadrons at high energies . Cambridge University Press, 2008 (Gribov lectures from the 1970s)
The theory of complex angular momentum . Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Gribow's 1969 lectures)
Orsay Lectures on Confinement . Part 1, 1992, arxiv : hep-ph / 9403218 ; Part 2, arxiv : hep-ph / 9404332 ; Part 3, arxiv : hep-ph / 9905285
QCD at large and short distances , 1998, last work on the confinement problem, arxiv : hep-ph / 9807224 ; and Theory of quark confinement , 1999, second part of the work, also posthumously ; arxiv : hep-ph / 9902279
Space-Time Description of the hadron interaction at high energies . 8th Petersburg Winter School, 1973, arxiv : hep-ph / 0006158
J. Nyiri (Ed.): The Gribov theory of quark confinement . In: World Scientific , 2001 (reprints by Gribov, foreword by A. Vainshtein)

literature

Yuri Dokshitzer , P. Levai, Julia Nyiri (Eds.): Gribov Memorial Volume - Quarks, Hadrons and Strong Interactions . 2006 (with memories from Amati, Frenkel, Alexander Belavin , Larry McLerran)
Yu. L. Dokshitzer, DE Kharzeev : The Gribov conception of QCD . In: Ann.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci. , Volume 54, 2004, pp. 487-524, arxiv : hep-ph / 0404216

Web links

Obituary (PDF) at CERN
Another obituary by Dokshitzer 1998 with a description of his seminar , arxiv : physics / 9801025
Yuri Dokshitzer, Vladimir Gribov 1998, arxiv : physics / 9801025
Okun, obituary. In: Physics Today , March 1998

Remarks

↑ The official boss was Ilya Shmuskevich, who also hired Gribov
↑ characterized by the fact that the discussion, as in the seminars of other leading Russian scientists such as von Landau, had an open end and was sometimes very violent, whereby formally every discussant was equal regardless of the person and only physics was in the foreground . Foreign guests could also be interrupted by Gribow in the middle of the lecture and “corrected” without looking at the person.
↑ However, he was in the Soviet delegation at an early CERN conference in 1962
↑ Belawin recalls in the “Gribov Memorial Volume” the Gribow when asked to express himself more cautiously, since one might be eavesdropped, replied that it was likely, but it was just as likely that the microphones in the Soviet Union would not work. He also mentions that Gribow had ostentatiously friendly conversations with Andrei Sakharov at a conference in the 1970s , when he was already being shunned by others because he had fallen out of favor.
↑ u. a. he was co-author of the review article by LVGribov, E. Levin, M. Ryskin, Semihard processes in QCD , Physics Reports, Vol. 100, 1983, pp. 1-100
↑ both electrically and in terms of strong interaction.
↑ Today, gluon balls are often suspected behind this
↑ The Reggeon calculus described the exchange of several pomerons, described by Gribov in field theory as ladder diagrams of mesons
↑ Gribow was particularly interested in this in connection with the confinement problem of QCD
↑ Gribow mistrusted the Euclidean formulation of QFT and looked for a physical interpretation of the instant solutions of Yang Mills theories discovered in 1977 by Alexander Polyakov and others . Memories of Alexander Belawin in the "Gribov Memorial Volume"

↑ Based on the memories of Alexander Belawin in the "Gribov Memorial Volume"

↑ which, independent of the model, explained the Bjorken scaling observed at that time by point-like scattering centers (partons)

^ "Evolution" with regard to the momentum of the transmitted virtual photon

↑ Gribov, Lipatov, Physics Letters B 37, 1971, p. 78. Further developed by Altarelli and Giorgio Parisi and Juri Dokshitzer in 1977.

↑ Gribow himself was more interested in elementary particle physics, but discussed problems from all areas of physics and drew a lot of inspiration from solid-state physics. A motto at his institute was that a theorist should never refuse to ask questions from experimenters.

↑ As early as the 1970s he was critical of the work of Ludwig Faddejew and others on the quantization of solitons . For a long time he also opposed other concepts that were widely accepted elsewhere, e.g. B. the quark concept.

↑ that means exactly solvable

↑ Belawin in "Gribov Memorial Volume". Gribow considered the successes of conformal field theories to be relics of the two-dimensional nature of these theories.

personal data
SURNAME	Gribov, Vladimir Naumowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Грибов, Владимир Наумович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Russian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH	March 25, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH	Leningrad
DATE OF DEATH	August 13, 1997
Place of death	Budapest

[1] The official boss was Ilya Shmuskevich, who also hired Gribov

[2] racterized by the fact that the discussion, as in the seminars of other leading Russian scientists such as von Landau, had an open end and was sometimes very violent, whereby formally every discussant was equal regardless of the person and only physics was in the foreground . Foreign guests could also be interrupted by Gribow in the middle of the lecture and “corrected” without looking at the person.

[3] However, he was in the Soviet delegation at an early CERN conference in 1962

[4] Belawin recalls in the “Gribov Memorial Volume” the Gribow when asked to express himself more cautiously, since one might be eavesdropped, replied that it was likely, but it was just as likely that the microphones in the Soviet Union would not work. He also mentions that Gribow had ostentatiously friendly conversations with Andrei Sakharov at a conference in the 1970s , when he was already being shunned by others because he had fallen out of favor.

[5] u. a. he was co-author of the review article by LVGribov, E. Levin, M. Ryskin, Semihard processes in QCD , Physics Reports, Vol. 100, 1983, pp. 1-100

[6] th electrically and in terms of strong interaction.

[7] Today, gluon balls are often suspected behind this

[8] The Reggeon calculus described the exchange of several pomerons, described by Gribov in field theory as ladder diagrams of mesons

[9] Gribow was particularly interested in this in connection with the confinement problem of QCD

[10] Gribow mistrusted the Euclidean formulation of QFT and looked for a physical interpretation of the instant solutions of Yang Mills theories discovered in 1977 by Alexander Polyakov and others . Memories of Alexander Belawin in the "Gribov Memorial Volume"

[11] Based on the memories of Alexander Belawin in the "Gribov Memorial Volume"

[12] which, independent of the model, explained the Bjorken scaling observed at that time by point-like scattering centers (partons)

[13] "Evolution" with regard to the momentum of the transmitted virtual photon

[14] Gribov, Lipatov, Physics Letters B 37, 1971, p. 78. Further developed by Altarelli and Giorgio Parisi and Juri Dokshitzer in 1977.

[15] Gribow himself was more interested in elementary particle physics, but discussed problems from all areas of physics and drew a lot of inspiration from solid-state physics. A motto at his institute was that a theorist should never refuse to ask questions from experimenters.

[16] As early as the 1970s he was critical of the work of Ludwig Faddejew and others on the quantization of solitons . For a long time he also opposed other concepts that were widely accepted elsewhere, e.g. B. the quark concept.

[17] that means exactly solvable

[18] Belawin in "Gribov Memorial Volume". Gribow considered the successes of conformal field theories to be relics of the two-dimensional nature of these theories.