Vladimir Monomakh (1882)
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 The Vladimir Monomakh in the Baltic Sea, 1902 |
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| Overview | |
| Type | 1st rank cruiser |
| Shipyard | |
| Keel laying | February 10, 1881 |
| Launch | October 10, 1882 |
| delivery | July 1, 1883 |
| Namesake | the Grand Duke of Kiev Vladimir Vsevolodowitsch Monomakh (1053–1125) |
| Whereabouts | 15 May 1905 at Tsushima dropped |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
5,593 t |
| length |
90.3 m in the waterline |
| width |
15.9 m |
| Draft |
7.3 m |
| crew |
24 officers, ensigns and cadets |
| drive |
8 cylinder boilers , 2 vertical |
| speed |
16.3 kn |
| Range |
3300 nm at 10 kn |
| Armament |
(after 1897): |
| similar | |
Vladimir Monomakh ( Russian Владимир Мономах ) was an armored frigate of the Imperial Russian Navy . The ship was the second of a class of two ships; The type ship was the Dmitri Donskoi ( Дмитрий Донской ).
Laid down on February 10, 1881, the ship was built at the Baltic Works in Saint Petersburg and launched on October 10, 1882. The commissioning took place on July 1, 1883. In a hopeless situation, it was sunk by the crew themselves on May 15, 1905 during the sea battle at Tsushima . In the fleet lists of the Imperial Russian Navy, the ship was listed as a cruiser 1st rank. Due to the design of the armor, the ship is also referred to in Russian literature as a half-armored frigate (полуброненосный фрегат).
construction
Despite the fact that the Wladimir Monomakh was laid down as the second ship in the series, she was completed earlier than the Dmitri Donskoi, which was built at the New Admiralty Shipyard .
During the construction there were constant changes to the project, so that the two ships showed big differences after completion. The main differences were in the area of artillery. The Vladimir Monomakh was equipped with four obsolete 203 mm cannons with a length of 22 calibers. The battery deck was also designed differently. In the case of the Wladimir Monomakh it was open at the top, only over the four 203 mm cannons it had a cover at the top. The machine system differed in the layout of the machines and boilers.
On June 1, 1883, the ship reached a speed of 16.28 knots at a projected speed of 16 knots during test drives. The Vladimir Monomakh was the first ship in the Russian fleet that exceeded its design speed.
commitment
1. Deployment in the Pacific, 1884–1887
In August 1883, before the end of the test drives that accompanied Vladimir Monomakh the State Yacht derzhava ( Держава ) with the imperial family on board after Copenhagen . After her return she was integrated into the Baltic Fleet .
On September 29, 1884, the ship ran from the Baltic Sea towards the Mediterranean . From there, the Vladimir Monomakh moved to the Far East. On the way from Port Said to Suez , the ship was accompanied by the new British battleship HMS Agamemnon , but was still able to evade observation by the British ship in the Suez Canal and reached Nagasaki , where the Vladimir Monomakh carried the flag of the commanding of the Pacific Squadron, Rear Admiral A. Ever. Kroun ( А. Е. Кроун ) took over. The squadron was then concentrated in Vladivostok and prepared for a military conflict (see Great Game ) with Great Britain. The Vladimir Monomakh was at this time the only armored ship of the Russian fleet in the Pacific . From April 9, 1885, the cruiser patrolled under the command of the 1st officer Captain 2nd rank Jakow Apollonowitsch Giltebrandt ( Яков Аполлонович Гильтебрандт ) between Vladivostok and Japan . In the autumn, after the conflict between Russia and the United Kingdom was peacefully resolved, the Pacific Squadron moved south. In the Pacific, Russian ships were usually stationed in more southerly ports during the winter. On March 7, 1886, the ship moved back to the Far Eastern waters and took up its service there. On December 20, 1886, the Vladimir Monomach left Nagasaki and reached Kronstadt in July of the following year
The ship was modernized in 1888/89. The outdated main calibers were exchanged for new, more powerful guns with a length of 30 calibers. On November 25th, after the modernization was completed, the ship moved again to the Far East.
2. Deployment in the Pacific, 1889–1892
On the way the ship was ordered to call at the port of Piraeus . In Piraeus, the base of the Russian Mediterranean Squadron, the convoy for Grand Duke Georgi Alexandrovich's journey to the Far East was to be formed. However, the plans changed. In Trieste , the Vladimir Monomakh met with the cruiser Pamjat Asowa under the command of the Imperial Flag-Captain Rear Admiral Vladimir Grigoryevich Basargin ( Владимир Григорьевич Басаргин ). The Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich went on board the Pamjat Asowa on October 19, 1890 and began his educational trip to India and the Far East. The delays had arisen, among other things, because the Pamyat Asowa was not allowed to pass through the Dardanelles by the Turkish side and the heir to the throne could not board as planned in Sevastopol . On this trip accompanied Vladimir Monomakh the Pamjat Asowa . In February 1891 both ships joined the Pacific Squadron at Ceylon . The squadron arrived in Vladivostok on May 11, 1891.
In Vladivostok, Captain 1st rank Oskar Viktorovich Stark ( Оскар Викторович Старк ) was appointed commander of the cruiser. At the beginning of December the Vladimir Monomakh moved to Nagasaki to spend the winter there and from there to return to Europe in the spring. On April 9, 1892, the cruiser left the roadstead. He passed the flagship Pamjat Asowa at the stern of the ship according to nautical custom. Stark, who was not familiar with the characteristics of the ship, set the Wladimir Monomakh aground. Only on the evening of the following day could the Vladimir Monomakh be pulled from the shoal. Since no major damage had occurred, the ship began its journey home and reached Kronstadt on September 10, 1892.
In the years 1892/93 the ship was subjected to a general overhaul. The heavy rig was removed and replaced with three light signal masts. The ship's boiler system was also overhauled.
3. Deployment in the Pacific, 1894–1896
On October 2, 1894, the Vladimir Monomakh ran under the command of Captain 1st rank Zinovi Petrovich Roschestvensky in the direction of the Mediterranean to meet there with the Pamjat Asowa . In view of the threat of war on the Liaodong Peninsula due to the Japanese claims , the ship was ordered to the Far East by the fastest route. On April 11, 1895, the ship reached the Chinese port of Zhifu , on May 1, the Wladimir Monomakh flagship of the Commander of the Pacific Squadron Rear Admiral Yevgeny Ivanovich Alexejew . Immediately after the conclusion of Shimonoseki's contract , the cruiser embarked on an exploration trip along the coast of Korea . In the process, ports were explored that seemed suitable for the establishment of a Russian naval base. However, on January 24, 1896, the cruiser was ordered back to Kronstadt to replace the outdated artillery.
In 1896/97, five new 152 mm L / 45 cannons were installed on the cruiser , one of them on the forecastle and four on the battery deck instead of the old 203 mm guns. There were also six 120 mm Canet cannons on the battery deck. The weight of the ship could be reduced by new, smaller mountings.
4. Deployment in the Pacific and deployment in the Mediterranean and the Baltic Sea, 1897–1904
In November 1897 the Wladimir Monomach moved back to the Far East and took part in the occupation and transfer of the port of Port Arthur to the Russian fleet in 1897/98 . In June 1900, the ship transported Russian troops who were used in the suppression of the Boxer uprising . The crew of the ship took part in the fighting on land. On June 27, two 120 mm cannons were landed and fired at Chinese positions for two days.
In September 1900, the ship maneuvered in the unfamiliar waters of Port Arthur. The merchant ship Crown of Aragon was rammed and sunk.
In December 1901, the Vladimir Monomakh met with the Dmitri Donskoy in Hong Kong . Both ships moved to the Mediterranean together. Together with the Mediterranean Squadron under the leadership of Rear Admiral Grigory Pavlovich Tschuchnin ( Григорий Павлович Чухнин ) the ships passed the Suez Canal. Then the Wladimir Monomakh was ordered to Tangier and performed station duty there. The ship did not return to Kronstadt until September 1902.
In 1903/04 the ship was to be converted into a training ship. Due to the formation of the 3rd Pacific Squadron under Rear Admiral Nikolai Ivanovich Nebogatow , the work was limited to a minimum. Optical sights were scaffolded for the 152 mm and 120 mm cannons.
Tsushima Sea Battle
In February 1905, the Wladimir Monomakh , part of the 3rd Pacific Squadron, set course for Japan. After traveling through the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal, the 3rd Pacific Squadron met on May 9, 1905 in the Bay of Cam Ranh in Vietnam with the 2nd Pacific Squadron under the leadership of Admiral Roschestvensky. The 3rd Pacific Squadron was integrated into the 2nd Pacific Squadron as the 3rd Division. The Vladimir Monomakh was finally assigned to the cruiser division under the leadership of Rear Admiral Oskar Adolfowitsch Enkwist . At the beginning of the naval battle of Tsushima , the ship ran separately from the other ships of the division on the starboard side of the right column at the level of some transport ships that were to be escorted. On the first day of the battle, May 14th, at 1:45 p.m. there was a violent firefight with the Japanese cruiser Izumi , which was the only Japanese ship on the starboard side of the Russian squadron running parallel to it. The Wladimir Monomakh was able to hit the Izumi a few times , but remained undamaged itself.
At the beginning of the clash of the main forces, the Vladimir Monomakh caught up with the other ships of the cruiser division at the end of the battle line. During the day of fighting, the ship received five hits. One of the crew members was killed and 16 wounded, and a 120 mm cannon was destroyed. At around 4:00 p.m., a Japanese shell struck near the ammunition elevator of the front 152 mm gun. The gun operators were able to prevent the fire from spreading and an explosion of the ammunition load.
During the night, the cruiser was initially able to successfully evade three torpedo attacks by the Japanese destroyers, but was hit by a torpedo on the starboard side at about 9:00 p.m. at the level of coal bunker No. 2. The bulkheads of the ship, which is more than twenty years old, could not withstand the pressure of the penetrating water. The engine and boiler room on the starboard side were flooded. The bilge pumps failed due to a defect in the electrical system.
The commander of the ship, Captain 1st rank Vladimir Alexandrovich Popov ( Владимир Александрович Попов ) tried to reach the Korean bank and put the ship there aground. At the height of the island of Tsushima , however, he was placed by the Japanese destroyer Shiranui and the auxiliary cruiser Sado-Maru . The list of Wladimir Monomakh was now 18 °, so only a 75 mm gun could be used. When the Japanese ships realized that the Russian cruiser was in dire straits, they stopped firing.
After the crew opened the flood valves, the cruiser began to sink rapidly. On May 15, 1905 at 10:20 AM which sank Vladimir Monomakh in position 34 ° 32 ' N , 129 ° 40' O . The crew were taken on board by the Japanese auxiliary cruisers Sado-Maru and Manshu-Maru .
On September 19, 1905, the Vladimir Monomakh was officially removed from the fleet list of the Imperial Russian Navy. The last commander of the cruiser, Vladimir Alexandrovich Popov, soon returned from Japanese captivity, took command of the 9th Flotilla on December 26, 1905 and, as major general , became chief of the Hydrographic Corps of the Imperial Russian Navy on February 4, 1913 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of officers, ensigns and midshipmen who took part in the naval battle of Tsushima on the Vladimir Monomakh
- ↑ Ranks in the Russian fleet
Web links
- С. Сулига: Крейсер «Владимир Мономах» (monograph on the cruiser Vladimir Monomakh ) (Russian)
- Photograph of the officers of the cruiser
literature
- А. А. Аллилуев: Полуброненосные фрегаты типа "Дмитрий Донской" (1881-1905). Р. Р. Муниров, 2006, ISBN 5-98830-016-2 . (Russian)