Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov

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Vladislav Surkov in April 2010

Wladislav Jurjewitsch Surkow ( Russian Владислав Юрьевич Сурков , scientific transliteration Vladislav Jur'evič Surkov; born September 21, 1964 in Solnzewo , Lipetsk Oblast ) is a Russian businessman and politician. Surkov was sometimes referred to as the "Kremlin chief ideologist" or the "third man in the state" and was at times largely responsible for Russian domestic politics. In 2004, he is said to have contributed significantly to the election victory of Vladimir Putin in the presidential elections . Since December 27, 2011 Surkov was Vice Prime Minister in the Russian government . On May 8, 2013 Surkov resigned from this office. This was preceded by Putin's accusation that the government had not properly implemented his decrees. There had also been arguments between Surkov and the Russian criminal investigation authorities over allegations of corruption in the Skolkowo innovation center . On September 24, 2013 Surkov was appointed personal advisor to Putin. In this role, he will be responsible, among other things, for the socio-economic development of the regions breakaway from Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia .

Life

According to official information, Vladislav Surkov was born on September 21, 1964 in the village of Solntsevo in Lipetsk Oblast . About Surkov's place of birth (some sources speak of Shali in Chechnya), his year of birth (some sources speak of 1962) as well as other details of his origins and early biography, there are in part different information or speculations. According to Surkov's own statements, his father is Chechen, and he spent the first five years of his life in Chechnya .

After his parents' divorce in 1969, his mother moved to the city of Skopin in Ryazan Oblast and Surkov was named after his mother's family name. In Skopin he attended middle school. From 1983 to 1985 he did his military service in the Soviet army. After his service, Surkow initially worked as a lathe operator, then as director of an amateur theater and as a translator. He finished his studies at the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys and the Moscow Cultural Institute without a degree. He then completed a master’s degree in economics at the then newly founded International University of Moscow.

Wladislaw Surkow is fluent in English. His first wife Julia Vishnevskaya and his son Artyom live in London. In 1998 he married Natalija Dubovitskaja, a former employee of the Menatep Bank, with whom he has two children.

Business career

  • 1987 Head of the advertising department at the headquarters of the scientific and technical branch association, which was then headed by Mikhail Khodorkovsky .
  • 1988 "Manager for the connections to the clients" in a newly founded youth cooperative.
  • 1988 Head of Metapress, a marketing communications agency.
  • 1991 Head of the advertising and communication department of the Menatep Bank of Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
  • 1996 Managerial position at Rosprom , a Menatep subsidiary for share management, which was, among other things, the house bank of the ailing oil company Yukos . Rosprom ran a privatization pawn auction in which it secured a majority stake in Yukos for $ 309 million, well below market value. In this way, in 1996 Khodorkovsky became Yukos CEO and major shareholder of the Menatep Group.
  • 1997 First Deputy Chairman of Alfa-Bank.
  • 1998–1999 First Deputy General Director and at the same time a member of the Supervisory Board specializing in public relations for the state television broadcaster ORT .

In politics

  • 1999 Assistant Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation
  • August 1999 Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation
  • March 2004 - Deputy Head of Presidential Administration - Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation
  • August 2004 member of the board of directors of OAO AK Transnefteproduct, in September of the same year - chairman of the board of directors
  • Initiator of the Iduschtschije wmeste projects (2000) and the Nashi movement (2005)
  • May 15, 2008 First Deputy Chief of Staff Dmitry Medvedev , State Councilor of the Russian Federation 1st class
  • December 31, 2009 Head of the working group for a complex for research and development and marketing of its results (see Innovation Center Skolkowo )
  • December 27, 2011 to May 8, 2013 Vice Prime Minister in government
  • September 24, 2013 Appointment as personal advisor to the President of the Russian Federation
  • On February 18, 2020, Surkov will be released from the office of advisor

Peter Pomerantsev summed up Surkov's role as "Democratic rhetoric and undemocratic intent".

Vladislav Surkov is credited with founding the Russian ruling party United Russia in December 2001 and the youth organization Nashi in April 2005.

Surkov is also credited with being responsible for the split of the left-wing nationalist Rodina party from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the summer of 2003 . The leader of the communist party Gennady Zyuganov accused the government under Vladimir Putin of having created an artificial rival party to the Communist Party in Rodina after his party's considerable losses in the 2003 Russian parliamentary elections .

Surkov describes himself as one of the authors of Putinism , the new Russian system. Surkov was - in the words of Marc Bennett - also responsible for transforming the state media into “slavish pro-Kremlin platforms”.

In April 2014, the US government and the EU put Surkov on a sanctions list as a result of the Ukraine crisis , which bans Surkov from entering the United States and EU member states. At the summit meeting of the Normandy format on the situation in the embattled Eastern Ukraine in the Berlin Chancellery in October 2016, Surkov accompanied Russian President Vladimir Putin, although he is on the EU sanctions list as the architect of Russian Ukraine policy. The federal government was forced to apply for an exemption for Surkov's participation. Putin's insistence to take his sanctioned advisor with him to Berlin was perceived by observers as a sign of a demonstration of power against the West. Ukrainian President Poroshenko accused Surkov of having organized the snipers who shot both protesters and police officers during the popular protests in Ukraine on the Maidan .

On February 18, 2020, Vladimir Putin relieved Vladimir Surkov from his post as assistant to the president. The director of the Center for Current Politics, Alexei Chesnakov , said that Surkov left the civil service because of a change of course with Ukraine. Dmitri Kosak was appointed as the new representative of the presidential administration for Ukraine .

In October 2017 he appeared on the Donbass Veterans Day in Rostov-on-Don and in February 2018 he analyzed the alleged decline of the decadent West as a transition from liberal democracy to matriarchy , in contrast to Russia "saved by God".

From intercepted conversations in July 2014, which the criminal investigators evaluated the downing of flight MH17 and published in November 2019, it emerged that the chain of command of the anti-government forces extended to Russia. Obviously, the most important commanders and functionaries of the self-declared republics used special Russian communication technology to communicate with high-ranking Moscow functionaries such as Vladislav Surkov, who wrote the NZZ

“The myth of the volunteer uprising in eastern Ukraine and Moscow's lack of influence has long been exposed. It is no secret that the top functionaries of the self-proclaimed “People's Republics” Donetsk and Luhansk regularly pick up their directives in Moscow. "

Surkov's delivery as presidential advisor in early 2020 was initially denied; possible new offices are not known. His departure is assessed differently and in some cases as a final retreat: “Surkov's new reality in the Russian political system outlives him. His departure is not a turning point. ”The essay The Persistent State of Putin , which was published and discussed in the Nezavisimaya Gazeta , also falls within this period . It depicts Putin's leadership as a fateful law .

Literary activities

At the end of June 2009, a novel entitled Near Zero ( Околоноля ) was published in Russia under the pseudonym Nathan Dubowizkij (Натан Дубовицкий ). The literary qualities of the work were judged by many critics to be remarkable, both the composition and the style of the text would betray an experienced author. The book paints a gloomy picture of post-communist Russia and relentlessly describes its grievances.

The pseudonym Dubowizkij, which is said to allude to the name of his second wife Natalja Dubowizkaja, led to Surkov's probable authorship. On November 11, 2009, the Russian writer Viktor Erofejew stated in an interview with Literaturnaja Gaseta that Surkov was the author of this book and that he had a copy signed by him from Near Zero .

Awards

literature

  • Michael Ludwig: The manipulator. Vladislav Surkov thinks up parties in the Kremlin, aligns editors and persecutes oligarchs. He even has enough power to erase his past. , in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung October 16, 2011, p. 12
  • Wladislaw Surkow , Internationales Biographisches Archiv 41/2012 from October 9, 2012, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)

Web links

Commons : Vladislav Surkov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Klussmann: Russia's powerful strategist: The Putinator. In: Spiegel Online . January 2, 2007, accessed June 9, 2018 .
  2. ↑ http://de.rian.ru/politics/20111227/262365201.html
  3. ↑ Russian Vice Prime Minister: Putin throws Surkov out of the cordon , Spiegel Online from May 8, 2013
  4. ^ Return of the chief ideologist , NZZ of September 24, 2013
  5. ↑ http://government.ru/persons/171/
  6. ↑ Entry about Natan Dubowizki / Wladislaw Surkow at perlentaucher.de, accessed on June 9, 2012
  7. ^ The busy subordinate , taz.de, December 29, 2011
  8. ↑ http://www.km.ru/news/surkov/dossier
  9. ↑ The West doesn't have to love us , Spiegel interview with Wladislaw Surkov from June 20, 2005, accessed January 21, 2011
  10. ↑ http://lenta.ru/lib/14159273/full.htm
  11. ↑ Vladislav Surkov was relieved of his post as Assistant to the President , Official Website of the Russian President, February 18, 2020
  12. ↑ Peter Pomerantsev: The Unknown Author of Putinism , November 7, 2014 (German translation)
  13. ↑ "The Unknown Author of Putinism" on euromaidanpress , accessed on December 19, 2014
  14. ↑ Marc Bennetts: I'm Going to Ruin Their Lives: Inside Putin's War on Russia's Opposition , Oneworld Publications, 2016 ISBN 978-1-78074-432-2 , p. 27.
  15. ^ EU-Russia sanctions: list, Surkow on zeit.de.
  16. ↑ Christina Hebel: Presidential Advisor Surkow in Berlin: The Man Putin Trusts . In: Spiegel Online . October 20, 2016 ( spiegel.de [accessed November 23, 2017]).
  17. ↑ Ukraine accuses Russia over Maidan 2014 killings , BBC, February 20, 2015
  18. ^ RIA Novosti, accessed February 18, 2020
  19. ↑ The best resource in Russia is passed off as attack infantry . Novaya Gazeta, October 18, 2017
  20. ↑ Surkov reported on the decline of the West due to the onset of matriarchy , Novaya Gazeta, February 14, 2018.
  21. ↑ MH17 Witness Appeal November 2019 , on the website politie.nl/ of the Dutch police; "These witnesses stated that the key figures of the armed group were directed from within the Russian Federation."
  22. ↑ The letter Sch is a person, you know? Novaya Gazeta, November 19, 2019.
  23. ↑ The investigators from MH17 present new evidence for Moscow's hand in eastern Ukraine , NZZ, November 15, 2019
  24. ↑ AFP: Putin separates from top strategist Vladislav Surkov. In: Wochenblatt. February 18, 2020, accessed July 10, 2020 .
  25. ↑ Markus Ackeret: The opaque Wladislaw Surkov was long considered President Putin's "gray eminence" and chief ideologist. Now Russia's cynic is ceding power. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. February 28, 2020, accessed July 10, 2020 .
  26. ↑ Anselm Bühling, Dekoder-Redaktion: Surkow: The long-lasting state of Putin. In: decoder. Dekoder-gGmbH, February 16, 2020, accessed on July 10, 2020 .
  27. ↑ The Power of Contempt , faz.net, December 29, 2009
  28. ↑ Виктор Ерофеев: Я не русофоб! ( Memento of September 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), lgz.ru, November 11, 2009 (Russian)
personal data
SURNAME Surkov, Vladislav Jurjewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Сурков, Владислав Юрьевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian businessman and politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1964
PLACE OF BIRTH Solnzewo